महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-31, verse-18

स तैः परिवृतो मेने हर्षबाष्पाविलेक्षणः ।
राजात्मानं गृहगतं पुरेव गजसाह्वये ॥१८॥

18. sa taiḥ parivṛto mene harṣabāṣpāvilekṣaṇaḥ ,
rājātmānaṁ gṛhagataṁ pureva gajasāhvaye.

18. saḥ taiḥ parivṛtaḥ mene harṣabāṣpāvilekṣaṇaḥ
rājā ātmānaṃ gṛhagataṃ purā iva gajasāhvaye

18. rājā saḥ taiḥ parivṛtaḥ harṣabāṣpāvilekṣaṇaḥ
ātmānaṃ gajasāhvaye purā iva gṛhagataṃ mene

18. The king, surrounded by them and with his eyes clouded by tears of joy, felt as if he had returned home, just as he was before in Hastinapura.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Yudhishthira. (he, that)

• तैः (taiḥ) - By the people mentioned in the previous verse. (by them)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• मेने (mene) - he thought, he considered, he felt

• हर्षबाष्पाविलेक्षणः (harṣabāṣpāvilekṣaṇaḥ) - with eyes clouded/filled with tears of joy

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhishthira. (king)

• आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - self, himself

• गृहगतं (gṛhagataṁ) - gone home, returned home

• पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, anciently

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• गजसाह्वये (gajasāhvaye) - in Hastinapura

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Yudhishthira. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तैः (taiḥ) - By the people mentioned in the previous verse. (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛ (to cover, encompass) with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Yudhishthira).

मेने (mene) - he thought, he considered, he felt

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of man

Perfect Tense (Ātmanepada)

From √man (to think) class 4. 3rd person singular perfect middle.

Root: man (class 4)

हर्षबाष्पाविलेक्षणः (harṣabāṣpāvilekṣaṇaḥ) - with eyes clouded/filled with tears of joy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣabāṣpāvilekṣaṇa

harṣabāṣpāvilekṣaṇa - with eyes clouded by tears of joy

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'He whose eyes (īkṣaṇa) are clouded (āvila) by tears (bāṣpa) of joy (harṣa).'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (harṣa+bāṣpa+āvila+īkṣaṇa)

• harṣa – joy, delight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• bāṣpa – tears
  noun (masculine)
• āvila – clouded, turbid, disturbed
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
• īkṣaṇa – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  From √īkṣ (to see)
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Yudhishthira).

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhishthira. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

From √rāj (to rule, shine).

Root: rāj (class 1)

आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - self, himself

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, ego (ātman)

From √at (to breathe).

Root: at (class 1)

Note: Reflexive pronoun in this context.

गृहगतं (gṛhagataṁ) - gone home, returned home

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛhagata

gṛhagata - gone to the house, returned home

Past Passive Participle (secondary sense as adjective in compound)

Compound of 'gṛha' (house) + 'gata' (gone).

Compound type : accusative tatpurusha (gṛha+gata)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, anciently

(indeclinable)

From 'pūrv' (former) + 'rā' suffix.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

गजसाह्वये (gajasāhvaye) - in Hastinapura

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gajasāhvaya

gajasāhvaya - Hastinapura (city whose name means 'elephant-called')

Compound of 'gaja' (elephant) + 'sāhvaya' (called by, named).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gaja+sāhvaya)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• sāhvaya – called by name, named
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sa-āhvaya' (with calling/name). From √hvā (to call) with 'sam' prefix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: hvā (class 1)