महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-11, verse-2

तं नृपं दीनमनसं निहतज्ञातिबान्धवम् ।
उपप्लुतमिवादित्यं सधूममिव पावकम् ॥२॥

2. taṁ nṛpaṁ dīnamanasaṁ nihatajñātibāndhavam ,
upaplutamivādityaṁ sadhūmamiva pāvakam.

2. tam nṛpam dīnamanasam nihatajñātibāndhavam
upaplutam iva ādityam sadhūmam iva pāvakam

2. tam nṛpam dīnamanasam,
nihatajñātibāndhavam,
upaplutam ādityam iva,
sadhūmam pāvakam iva.

2. — that king whose mind was dejected, whose kinsmen and relatives had been slain, who was like the sun obscured (by an eclipse) and like a fire enveloped in smoke.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

• दीनमनसम् (dīnamanasam) - of dejected mind, low-spirited

• निहतज्ञातिबान्धवम् (nihatajñātibāndhavam) - whose relatives and kinsmen were slain

• उपप्लुतम् (upaplutam) - obscured, afflicted, covered, eclipsed

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun

• सधूमम् (sadhūmam) - with smoke, smoky

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• पावकम् (pāvakam) - fire

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'pā' (to protect, to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

दीनमनसम् (dīnamanasam) - of dejected mind, low-spirited

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīnamanas

dīnamanas - of dejected mind, low-spirited

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dīna+manas)

• dīna – miserable, dejected, poor, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dai' (to become wretched)
  Root: dai (class 1)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpam'

निहतज्ञातिबान्धवम् (nihatajñātibāndhavam) - whose relatives and kinsmen were slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihatajñātibāndhava

nihatajñātibāndhava - one whose kinsmen and relatives are slain

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nihata+jñāti+bāndhava)

• nihata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from ni-han (to strike down, to kill)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• jñāti – kinsman, relative (by blood)
  noun (masculine)
• bāndhava – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpam'

उपप्लुतम् (upaplutam) - obscured, afflicted, covered, eclipsed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upapluta

upapluta - obscured, covered, afflicted, besieged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from upa-plu (to float over, to cover, to afflict)

Prefix: upa

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ādityam'

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a solar deity, son of Aditi

सधूमम् (sadhūmam) - with smoke, smoky

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sadhūma

sadhūma - with smoke, smoky

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+dhūma)

• sa – with, together with (prefix)
  indeclinable
• dhūma – smoke, vapor
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pāvakam'

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

पावकम् (pāvakam) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, pure, purifying