महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-11, verse-7

वृत्रेण पृथिवी व्याप्ता पुरा किल नराधिप ।
दृष्ट्वा स पृथिवीं व्याप्तां गन्धस्य विषये हृते ।
धराहरणदुर्गन्धो विषयः समपद्यत ॥७॥

7. vṛtreṇa pṛthivī vyāptā purā kila narādhipa ,
dṛṣṭvā sa pṛthivīṁ vyāptāṁ gandhasya viṣaye hṛte ,
dharāharaṇadurgandho viṣayaḥ samapadyata.

7. vṛtreṇa pṛthivī vyāptā purā kila
narādhipa dṛṣṭvā saḥ pṛthivīṃ
vyāptām gandhasya viṣaye hṛte
dharāharaṇadurgandhaḥ viṣayaḥ samapadyata

7. O King, in ancient times, Vṛtra had completely enveloped the earth, it is said. When he saw the earth thus pervaded, and with the domain of fragrance taken away, that sphere (of earth) became filled with the foul odor resulting from its seizure.

Words meanings summery:

• वृत्रेण (vṛtreṇa) - by the asura Vṛtra (by Vṛtra)

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the entire terrestrial realm (the earth, ground, land)

• व्याप्ता (vyāptā) - completely covered or encompassed (pervaded, covered, spread)

• पुरा (purā) - in a bygone era (formerly, in ancient times, previously)

• किल (kila) - indicating common knowledge or traditional account (indeed, certainly, it is said)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - address to the listener, presumed to be a king (O king, ruler of men)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon observing the state of the earth (having seen, after seeing)

• सः (saḥ) - Vṛtra (he, that)

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the terrestrial realm (the earth)

• व्याप्ताम् (vyāptām) - completely covered or encompassed (pervaded, covered)

• गन्धस्य (gandhasya) - of the sense object 'smell' (of smell, of fragrance)

• विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain or sphere associated with the sense of smell (in the domain, in the object, in the sphere)

• हृते (hṛte) - the domain of smell being seized or lost (stolen, taken away, removed)

• धराहरणदुर्गन्धः (dharāharaṇadurgandhaḥ) - the unpleasant odor resulting from Vṛtra's taking over the earth (foul smell of earth's seizure)

• विषयः (viṣayaḥ) - the sphere of existence or perception (the world) (the domain, the object, the sphere)

• समपद्यत (samapadyata) - the domain took on the characteristic of a foul smell (became, came to be, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

वृत्रेण (vṛtreṇa) - by the asura Vṛtra (by Vṛtra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (name of an asura); coverer, obstructor

Root: vṛ (class 1)

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the entire terrestrial realm (the earth, ground, land)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the Earth goddess

व्याप्ता (vyāptā) - completely covered or encompassed (pervaded, covered, spread)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyāpta

vyāpta - pervaded, filled, spread over, occupied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √āp (to obtain, reach) with upasarga vi + ā

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Feminine singular nominative form, agreeing with pṛthivī.

पुरा (purā) - in a bygone era (formerly, in ancient times, previously)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

किल (kila) - indicating common knowledge or traditional account (indeed, certainly, it is said)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic or assertive particle, often used to indicate hearsay.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - address to the listener, presumed to be a king (O king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon observing the state of the earth (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used to indicate an action completed before the main verb.

सः (saḥ) - Vṛtra (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine singular nominative form of the demonstrative pronoun tad.

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the terrestrial realm (the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the Earth goddess

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

व्याप्ताम् (vyāptām) - completely covered or encompassed (pervaded, covered)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyāpta

vyāpta - pervaded, filled, spread over, occupied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √āp (to obtain, reach) with upasarga vi + ā

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Feminine singular accusative form, agreeing with pṛthivīm.

गन्धस्य (gandhasya) - of the sense object 'smell' (of smell, of fragrance)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance; a sense object

Note: Possessive case.

विषये (viṣaye) - in the domain or sphere associated with the sense of smell (in the domain, in the object, in the sphere)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, region, subject matter

Prefix: vi

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Indicates location or scope.

हृते (hṛte) - the domain of smell being seized or lost (stolen, taken away, removed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, carried away, stolen, seized, captivated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √hṛ (to take, carry, steal) with suffix -ta

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Masculine singular locative form, agreeing with viṣaye, forming a locative absolute construction 'gandhasya viṣaye hṛte'.

धराहरणदुर्गन्धः (dharāharaṇadurgandhaḥ) - the unpleasant odor resulting from Vṛtra's taking over the earth (foul smell of earth's seizure)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharāharaṇadurgandha

dharāharaṇadurgandha - foul smell of earth's seizure/taking away

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharā+haraṇa+durgandha)

• dharā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• haraṇa – taking away, seizing, carrying off
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  Derived from root √hṛ (to take, carry) with suffix -ana
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• durgandha – foul smell, stench
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: dur

Note: Subject of 'samapadyata'.

विषयः (viṣayaḥ) - the sphere of existence or perception (the world) (the domain, the object, the sphere)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, region, subject matter

Prefix: vi

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Predicate nominative, referring to what the domain became.

समपद्यत (samapadyata) - the domain took on the characteristic of a foul smell (became, came to be, attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pad

Imperfect

Root √pad (to go, fall) with upasargas sam + ā. Middle voice, 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Implies a past event.