महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-1, verse-4

तमार्तं पतितं भूमौ निश्वसन्तं पुनः पुनः ।
ददृशुः पाण्डवा राजन्धर्मात्मानं युधिष्ठिरम् ॥४॥

4. tamārtaṁ patitaṁ bhūmau niśvasantaṁ punaḥ punaḥ ,
dadṛśuḥ pāṇḍavā rājandharmātmānaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram.

4. tam ārtam patitam bhūmau niśvasantam punaḥ punaḥ
dadṛśuḥ pāṇḍavāḥ rājan dharmātmānam yudhiṣṭhiram

4. rājan pāṇḍavāḥ dharmātmānam yudhiṣṭhiram ārtam
patitam bhūmau punaḥ punaḥ niśvasantam tam dadṛśuḥ

4. O king, the Pāṇḍavas saw him, Yudhiṣṭhira, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, fallen on the ground, distressed, and sighing again and again.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him, that)

• आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, descended

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• निश्वसन्तम् (niśvasantam) - sighing, breathing out

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the five sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by the narrator. (O king!)

• धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, known for his righteousness (dharma) (whose soul is righteousness, high-souled, virtuous)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with prefix 'ā', meaning 'to go to trouble', hence 'afflicted'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, descended

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

निश्वसन्तम् (niśvasantam) - sighing, breathing out

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niśvasat

niśvasat - sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the five sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by the narrator. (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, known for his righteousness (dharma) (whose soul is righteousness, high-souled, virtuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - whose soul or nature is (dharma); virtuous, righteous

Compound of 'dharma' and 'ātman'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, meaning 'firm in battle')

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle, locative of 'yudh') and 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (locative tatpuruṣa) (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)