महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-1, verse-19

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वृद्धौ हि ते स्वः पितरौ पश्यावां दुःखितौ नृप ।
न शोचितव्यं भवता पश्यामीह जनाधिप ॥१९॥

19. vṛddhau hi te svaḥ pitarau paśyāvāṁ duḥkhitau nṛpa ,
na śocitavyaṁ bhavatā paśyāmīha janādhipa.

19. vṛddhau hi te svaḥ pitarau paśyāvaḥ duḥkhitau
nṛpa na śocitavyam bhavatā paśyāmi iha janādhipa

19. Indeed, O king (nṛpa), your own two parents are old; we both see them distressed. You should not grieve, O lord of people (janādhipa), for I perceive no cause for it here.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - old (old, aged, grown)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

ते (te) - your (your, by you (enclitic pronoun))

स्वः (svaḥ) - own (parents) (own, belonging to oneself)

पितरौ (pitarau) - two parents (two parents, father and mother)

पश्यावः (paśyāvaḥ) - we both see (we two see, we two observe)

दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, suffering)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king (O king, O ruler of men)

न (na) - not (not, no)

शोचितव्यम् (śocitavyam) - should grieve (should be grieved, fit to be grieved, one should grieve)

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (by you (respectful))

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I perceive (no cause for sorrow) (I see, I perceive, I understand)

इह (iha) - here, in this situation (here, in this world, in this case)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of people (O lord of people, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - old (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, wise

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pitarau'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (your, by you (enclitic pronoun))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Possessive for 'pitarau'.

स्वः (svaḥ) - own (parents) (own, belonging to oneself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sva

sva - own, one's own, self, kin

Note: Agrees with 'pitarau'.

पितरौ (pitarau) - two parents (two parents, father and mother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, parent. (dual often means both parents)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are' (staḥ).

पश्यावः (paśyāvaḥ) - we both see (we two see, we two observe)

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present stem 'paśya-'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Implied subject 'we two' (speaker and another). The original text 'paśyāvāṃ' is a metrical variant of 'paśyāvaḥ'.

दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, suffering, grieved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from noun 'duḥkha' (suffering) or root 'duḥkh' (to suffer).

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'pitarau', functioning as a predicate or describing their state.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king (O king, O ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector, from root 'pā' to protect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

nṛ – man, human
noun (masculine)
pa – protector, guardian
noun (masculine)
Agent Noun
Derived from root 'pā' (to protect) with suffix '-a'.
Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'śocitavyam'.

शोचितव्यम् (śocitavyam) - should grieve (should be grieved, fit to be grieved, one should grieve)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śocitavya

śocitavya - to be grieved, proper to be lamented

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

Derived from root 'śuc' (to grieve, lament) with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Acts as the predicate in a passive construction with 'bhavatā'.