महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-1, verse-18

अश्रुत्वा ह्यस्य वीरस्य वाक्यानि मधुराण्यहम् ।
फलं प्राप्य महद्दुःखं निमग्नः शोकसागरे ॥१८॥

18. aśrutvā hyasya vīrasya vākyāni madhurāṇyaham ,
phalaṁ prāpya mahadduḥkhaṁ nimagnaḥ śokasāgare.

18. aśrutvā hi asya vīrasya vākyāni madhurāṇi aham
phalam prāpya mahat duḥkham nimagnaḥ śokasāgare

18. Indeed, without listening to the sweet words of this hero, I obtained the fruit of great sorrow and became submerged in the ocean of grief.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्रुत्वा (aśrutvā) - without listening (having not heard, without listening)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (hero) (of this, his)

• वीरस्य (vīrasya) - of this hero (Vidura) (of the hero, of the brave one)

• वाक्यानि (vākyāni) - words (words, speeches, sentences)

• मधुराणि (madhurāṇi) - sweet (sweet, pleasant, delightful)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (I)

• फलम् (phalam) - the fruit (result) (fruit, result, consequence)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having reached)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, immense)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, misery, pain)

• निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - became submerged (submerged, drowned, immersed, sunk)

• शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of grief (in the ocean of grief, in the sea of sorrow)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्रुत्वा (aśrutvā) - without listening (having not heard, without listening)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-tvā'. 'a-' is a negative prefix.

Prefix: a

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action preceding the main verb.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of this (hero) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'vidura' from the previous verse.

वीरस्य (vīrasya) - of this hero (Vidura) (of the hero, of the brave one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty, warrior

Note: Agrees with 'asya', referring to Vidura.

वाक्यानि (vākyāni) - words (words, speeches, sentences)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vākya

vākya - word, sentence, speech, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'aśrutvā'.

मधुराणि (madhurāṇi) - sweet (sweet, pleasant, delightful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming, melodious

Note: Agrees with 'vākyāni'.

अहम् (aham) - I (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'nimagnaḥ'.

फलम् (phalam) - the fruit (result) (fruit, result, consequence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having reached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefix 'pra' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action preceding the main verb.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, immense)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, misery, pain)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Object obtained, acting as a direct object or part of a compound object 'mahad duḥkham phalam'.

निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - became submerged (submerged, drowned, immersed, sunk)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nimagna

nimagna - submerged, immersed, sunk

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'majj' (to sink, plunge) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with the subject 'aham'.

शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of grief (in the ocean of grief, in the sea of sorrow)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokasāgara

śokasāgara - ocean of grief, sea of sorrow

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (śoka+sāgara)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location of immersion.