महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-77, verse-5

गावः सुरभिगन्धिन्यस्तथा गुग्गुलुगन्धिकाः ।
गावः प्रतिष्ठा भूतानां गावः स्वस्त्ययनं महत् ॥५॥

5. gāvaḥ surabhigandhinyastathā guggulugandhikāḥ ,
gāvaḥ pratiṣṭhā bhūtānāṁ gāvaḥ svastyayanaṁ mahat.

5. gāvaḥ surabhigandhinyaḥ tathā guggulugandhikāḥ |
gāvaḥ pratiṣṭhā bhūtānām gāvaḥ svastyayanam mahat

5. Cows possess a pleasant fragrance, and likewise, the scent of guggulu. Cows are the foundation of all beings. Cows are a great source of welfare and auspiciousness.

Words meanings summery:

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• सुरभिगन्धिन्यः (surabhigandhinyaḥ) - having a pleasant fragrance, fragrant

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, and

• गुग्गुलुगन्धिकाः (guggulugandhikāḥ) - having the fragrance of guggulu

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation, support, basis

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• स्वस्त्ययनम् (svastyayanam) - welfare, auspiciousness, benediction

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

Words meanings and morphology

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सुरभिगन्धिन्यः (surabhigandhinyaḥ) - having a pleasant fragrance, fragrant

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of surabhigandhin

surabhigandhin - fragrant, having a pleasant smell

Compound of surabhi (fragrant) and gandhin (smelling).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (surabhi+gandhin)

• surabhi – fragrant, pleasant-smelling
  adjective
• gandhin – smelling, possessing odor
  adjective (masculine)
  From gandha (smell) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Predicative adjective for gāvaḥ.

तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, and

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

गुग्गुलुगन्धिकाः (guggulugandhikāḥ) - having the fragrance of guggulu

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of guggulugandhika

guggulugandhika - having the smell of guggulu

Compound of guggulu (a fragrant resin) and gandhika (smelling like).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (guggulu+gandhika)

• guggulu – guggul, a fragrant resin
  noun (masculine)
• gandhika – fragrant, smelling like, a perfumer
  adjective (masculine)
  From gandha (smell) + -ika (suffix)

Note: Predicative adjective for gāvaḥ.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation, support, basis

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratiṣṭhā

pratiṣṭhā - foundation, support, stand, establishment, firm footing

From root √sthā (to stand) with upasarga prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun for gāvaḥ.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Possessive, relating to pratiṣṭhā.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वस्त्ययनम् (svastyayanam) - welfare, auspiciousness, benediction

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svastyayana

svastyayana - an auspicious path, benediction, welfare, propitiatory rite

Compound of svasti (well-being) and ayana (going, path).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svasti+ayana)

• svasti – well-being, health, prosperity, auspiciousness
  indeclinable
• ayana – going, path, course
  noun (neuter)
  From root √i (to go) + lyuṭ suffix
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate noun for gāvaḥ.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important, mighty

Present Active Participle

From root √mah or often treated as a primary adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Modifies svastyayanam.

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