महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-77, verse-10

एकां च दशगुर्दद्याद्दश दद्याच्च गोशती ।
शतं सहस्रगुर्दद्यात्सर्वे तुल्यफला हि ते ॥१०॥

10. ekāṁ ca daśagurdadyāddaśa dadyācca gośatī ,
śataṁ sahasragurdadyātsarve tulyaphalā hi te.

10. ekām ca daśaguḥ dadyāt daśa dadyāt ca gośatī
śatam sahasraguḥ dadyāt sarve tulyaphalāḥ hi te

10. daśaguḥ ekām dadyāt ca gośatī daśa dadyāt
sahasraguḥ śatam dadyāt hi te sarve tulyaphalāḥ

10. The giver of ten (cows) should give one. The giver of a hundred cows should give ten. The giver of a thousand cows should give a hundred. Indeed, all of them attain equal merit.

Words meanings summery:

• एकाम् (ekām) - one (cow) (one, a single one)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• दशगुः (daśaguḥ) - one who gives ten (cows) (one who has ten cows, one who gives ten cows)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give, would give)

• दश (daśa) - ten (cows) (ten)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give, would give)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• गोशती (gośatī) - one who gives a hundred cows

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred (cows) (a hundred)

• सहस्रगुः (sahasraguḥ) - one who gives a thousand (cows) (one who has a thousand cows, one who gives a thousand cows)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give, would give)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (all, everyone)

• तुल्यफलाः (tulyaphalāḥ) - having equal merit (having equal fruit/result/merit)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• ते (te) - they (the donors) (they, those)

Words meanings and morphology

एकाम् (ekām) - one (cow) (one, a single one)

(numeral/adjective)

Note: Refers to a feminine noun, implied 'cow' (gauḥ).

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

दशगुः (daśaguḥ) - one who gives ten (cows) (one who has ten cows, one who gives ten cows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagu

daśagu - possessing ten cows; giving ten cows

Bahuvrihi compound: daśa (ten) + go (cow). The 'u' suffix indicates possession or giving.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+go)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• go – cow, ox, cattle, earth
  noun (feminine)

Note: Implies 'he who gives ten cows'.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give, would give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, Active Voice

Root Dā, Class 3 (Juhotyādi), 3rd person singular Parasmaipada optative.

Root: dā (class 3)

दश (daśa) - ten (cows) (ten)

(numeral)

Note: Used as a numeral modifying an implied feminine plural noun (cows).

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give, would give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, Active Voice

Root Dā, Class 3 (Juhotyādi), 3rd person singular Parasmaipada optative.

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

गोशती (gośatī) - one who gives a hundred cows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gośatin

gośatin - possessing a hundred cows; giving a hundred cows

Bahuvrihi compound formed from go (cow) + śata (hundred) + -in suffix (possessing/giving). 'gośatī' is the nominative singular masculine form.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (go+śata)

• go – cow, ox, cattle, earth
  noun (feminine)
• śata – hundred
  numeral/noun (neuter)

Note: Base is gośatin, which forms gośatī in masculine nominative singular.

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred (cows) (a hundred)

(numeral)

Note: Used as a numeral.

सहस्रगुः (sahasraguḥ) - one who gives a thousand (cows) (one who has a thousand cows, one who gives a thousand cows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasragu

sahasragu - possessing a thousand cows; giving a thousand cows

Bahuvrihi compound: sahasra (thousand) + go (cow). The 'u' suffix indicates possession or giving.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sahasra+go)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral/noun (neuter)
• go – cow, ox, cattle, earth
  noun (feminine)

Note: Implies 'he who gives a thousand cows'.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (may give, should give, would give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, Active Voice

Root Dā, Class 3 (Juhotyādi), 3rd person singular Parasmaipada optative.

Root: dā (class 3)

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (all, everyone)

(pronoun/adjective)

Note: Refers to the donors (daśagu, gośatī, sahasragu).

तुल्यफलाः (tulyaphalāḥ) - having equal merit (having equal fruit/result/merit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tulyaphala

tulyaphala - having equal fruit/result/merit

Bahuvrihi compound: tulya (equal) + phala (fruit/result).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tulya+phala)

• tulya – equal, similar, comparable
  adjective
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward, merit
  noun (neuter)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

ते (te) - they (the donors) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the donors.

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