महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-77, verse-19

सार्द्रचर्मणि भुञ्जीत निरीक्षन्वारुणीं दिशम् ।
वाग्यतः सर्पिषा भूमौ गवां व्युष्टिं तथाश्नुते ॥१९॥

19. sārdracarmaṇi bhuñjīta nirīkṣanvāruṇīṁ diśam ,
vāgyataḥ sarpiṣā bhūmau gavāṁ vyuṣṭiṁ tathāśnute.

19. sārdracarmaṇi bhuñjīta nirīkṣan vāruṇīṃ diśam
vāgyataḥ sarpiṣā bhūmau gavāṃ vyuṣṭiṃ tathā aśnute

19. sārdracarmaṇi vāruṇīṃ diśam nirīkṣan bhuñjīta
vāgyataḥ bhūmau sarpiṣā tathā gavāṃ vyuṣṭiṃ aśnute

19. One should eat on a wet cowhide, facing the western direction. Remaining silent, one attains the prosperity of cows by offering or consuming ghee on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• सार्द्रचर्मणि (sārdracarmaṇi) - on a wet cowhide (on a wet hide)

• भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should eat (one should eat, one should enjoy)

• निरीक्षन् (nirīkṣan) - facing (a direction) (looking at, observing, facing)

• वारुणीं (vāruṇīṁ) - western (western, relating to Varuṇa)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter)

• वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - remaining silent (having controlled speech, silent)

• सर्पिषा (sarpiṣā) - with ghee, by means of ghee

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows

• व्युष्टिं (vyuṣṭiṁ) - prosperity (prosperity, abundance, dawn, fame)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - he attains (he attains, he enjoys, he reaches)

Words meanings and morphology

सार्द्रचर्मणि (sārdracarmaṇi) - on a wet cowhide (on a wet hide)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sārdracarman

sārdracarman - wet hide

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sārdra+carman)

• sārdra – wet, moist, fresh
  adjective
• carman – skin, hide, leather
  noun (neuter)

Note: The context implies a cowhide due to the surrounding verses.

भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should eat (one should eat, one should enjoy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of bhuj

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root: bhuj (class 7)

निरीक्षन् (nirīkṣan) - facing (a direction) (looking at, observing, facing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirīkṣat

nirīkṣat - looking at, observing, facing

Present Active Participle

Derived from ni + √īkṣ (to see)

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject of bhuñjīta.

वारुणीं (vāruṇīṁ) - western (western, relating to Varuṇa)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāruṇī

vāruṇī - western, relating to Varuṇa

Feminine form of vāruṇa

Note: Agrees with diśam.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - remaining silent (having controlled speech, silent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgyata

vāgyata - controlled in speech, silent, taciturn

Past Passive Participle (from √yam)

Bahuvrīhi compound: vāc (speech) + yata (controlled)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vāc+yata)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
• yata – controlled, restrained, self-restrained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √yam (to control)
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used here adverbially, describing the agent.

सर्पिषा (sarpiṣā) - with ghee, by means of ghee

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sarpiṣ

sarpiṣ - ghee, clarified butter

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray

व्युष्टिं (vyuṣṭiṁ) - prosperity (prosperity, abundance, dawn, fame)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyuṣṭi

vyuṣṭi - prosperity, abundance, dawn, fame

Derived from vi + √vas (to shine, to dawn)

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

अश्नुते (aśnute) - he attains (he attains, he enjoys, he reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of aś

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root: aś (class 5)