महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-77, verse-3

सौदास उवाच ।
त्रैलोक्ये भगवन्किं स्वित्पवित्रं कथ्यतेऽनघ ।
यत्कीर्तयन्सदा मर्त्यः प्राप्नुयात्पुण्यमुत्तमम् ॥३॥

3. saudāsa uvāca ,
trailokye bhagavankiṁ svitpavitraṁ kathyate'nagha ,
yatkīrtayansadā martyaḥ prāpnuyātpuṇyamuttamam.

3. saudāsa uvāca | trailokye bhagavan
kim svit pavitram kathyate
anagha | yat kīrtayan sadā
martyaḥ prāpnuyāt puṇyam uttamam

3. Saudas said: "O revered and sinless one, what is considered the purest thing in the three worlds, by always chanting which a mortal can attain the highest spiritual merit?"

Words meanings summery:

• सौदास (saudāsa) - Saudas (a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्रैलोक्ये (trailokye) - in the three worlds

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O Lord

• किम् (kim) - what

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed, perhaps, or

• पवित्रम् (pavitram) - holy, pure, purifier

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is said, is called

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one

• यत् (yat) - which

• कीर्तयन् (kīrtayan) - glorifying, chanting, extolling

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - mortal, human being

• प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may attain, would obtain

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, spiritual reward

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - highest, excellent, best

Words meanings and morphology

सौदास (saudāsa) - Saudas (a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saudāsa

saudāsa - Son of Sudās, or belonging to Sudās; name of a king.

Apabhraṃśa of Sudās.

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

त्रैलोक्ये (trailokye) - in the three worlds

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of trailokya

trailokya - the three worlds (heaven, earth, and lower regions)

Compound of tri (three) and loka (world).

Compound type : dvigu (tri+loka)

• tri – three
  numeral
• loka – world, realm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes location.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O Lord

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - revered, holy, divine, glorious, fortunate, possessor of opulence

From bhaga (fortune, excellence) + -vat (possessive suffix).

Note: Address to the preceptor.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Interrogative.

स्वित् (svit) - indeed, perhaps, or

(indeclinable)

पवित्रम् (pavitram) - holy, pure, purifier

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pavitra

pavitra - pure, holy, sacred, purifying, a purifier

From root √pū (to purify) + itra (suffix).

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'kim'.

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of kath

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice

From root √kath (denominative from kathā).

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Main verb of the question.

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, pure, faultless

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'agha' (sin).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+agha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• agha – sin, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Address to the preceptor.

यत् (yat) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Relative pronoun.

कीर्तयन् (kīrtayan) - glorifying, chanting, extolling

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīrtayat

kīrtayat - glorifying, chanting, extolling

Present Active Participle

From root √kīrt (to mention, praise).

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Modifies martyaḥ.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

Note: Adverb of time.

मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - mortal, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human, a man

From root √mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 2)

Note: Subject of prāpnuyāt.

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may attain, would obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāp

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root √āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the subordinate clause.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, spiritual reward

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - good, virtuous, meritorious deed, spiritual merit

Note: Object of prāpnuyāt.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - highest, excellent, best

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative degree of ud (up)

Note: Modifies puṇyam.

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