महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-64, verse-5

सर्वं तारयते वंशं यस्य खाते जलाशये ।
गावः पिबन्ति विप्राश्च साधवश्च नराः सदा ॥५॥

5. sarvaṁ tārayate vaṁśaṁ yasya khāte jalāśaye ,
gāvaḥ pibanti viprāśca sādhavaśca narāḥ sadā.

5. sarvam tārayate vaṃśam yasya khāte jalāśaye
gāvaḥ pibanti viprāḥ ca sādhavaḥ ca narāḥ sadā

5. yasya khāte jalāśaye gāvaḥ viprāḥ ca sādhavaḥ ca narāḥ sadā pibanti,
(saḥ) sarvam vaṃśam tārayate

5. A person saves their entire family lineage if, in a reservoir dug by them, cows, Brahmins, and virtuous people always drink.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - entire (all, entire, whole)

• तारयते (tārayate) - he saves, he causes to cross over (difficulties/saṃsāra) (he causes to cross, he saves, he liberates)

• वंशम् (vaṁśam) - family lineage (family, lineage, race, bamboo)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to the person who dug the reservoir) (whose, of which, of whom)

• खाते (khāte) - in a dug-out (structure) (in a dug-out, in an excavation)

• जलाशये (jalāśaye) - in a reservoir (in a reservoir, in a pond, in a water-body)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• पिबन्ति (pibanti) - they drink

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, learned persons, inspired ones)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous people (good people, virtuous people, ascetics, saints)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (general term for humans) (men, people)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, ever)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वम् (sarvam) - entire (all, entire, whole)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire, whole

a-stem pronoun/adjective

Note: Functions as an adjective qualifying vaṃśam.

तारयते (tārayate) - he saves, he causes to cross over (difficulties/saṃsāra) (he causes to cross, he saves, he liberates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tṝ

causative

Root TṜ (to cross) + causative suffix -āpaya- (then contracted -āy-), middle voice ending

Root: tṝ (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is the person who dug the reservoir (yasya).

वंशम् (vaṁśam) - family lineage (family, lineage, race, bamboo)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaṃśa

vaṁśa - bamboo, family, lineage, race, dynasty

a-stem masculine noun

Note: Object of tārayate.

यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to the person who dug the reservoir) (whose, of which, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Genitive singular of the relative pronoun yad

Note: Refers to the owner/creator of the reservoir.

खाते (khāte) - in a dug-out (structure) (in a dug-out, in an excavation)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of khāta

khāta - dug, excavated; a ditch, pit, well

Past Passive Participle

Root KHAN (to dig) + ta suffix

Root: khan (class 1)

Note: Locative case indicates place 'in which'.

जलाशये (jalāśaye) - in a reservoir (in a reservoir, in a pond, in a water-body)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jalāśaya

jalāśaya - reservoir, tank, pond, lake, receptacle of water

jala (water) + āśaya (receptacle, abode)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+āśaya)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āśaya – receptacle, abode, intention, meaning
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from AS (to sit, to dwell) with Ā prefix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the type of water body.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

o-stem noun (irregular)

Note: Subject of pibanti.

पिबन्ति (pibanti) - they drink

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pā

Root in 1st conjugation, with piba- stem

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Governed by multiple nominative subjects: gāvaḥ, viprāḥ, sādhavaḥ, narāḥ.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, learned persons, inspired ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, learned person, inspired, sage

a-stem masculine noun. Derived from root VIP (to tremble, to vibrate, to inspire).

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: Subject of pibanti.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous people (good people, virtuous people, ascetics, saints)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, saintly, an ascetic, a holy man

u-stem adjective/noun. Root SIDH (to succeed, to accomplish).

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Subject of pibanti.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

नराः (narāḥ) - people (general term for humans) (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

a-stem masculine noun

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of pibanti.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, ever)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time. Derived from sa (with) + dā (suffix meaning 'at all times').

Note: Modifies pibanti.