महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-34, verse-23

ब्राह्मणा यं प्रशंसन्ति पुरुषः स प्रवर्धते ।
अथ यो ब्राह्मणाक्रुष्टः पराभवति सोऽचिरात् ॥२३॥

23. brāhmaṇā yaṁ praśaṁsanti puruṣaḥ sa pravardhate ,
atha yo brāhmaṇākruṣṭaḥ parābhavati so'cirāt.

23. brāhmaṇāḥ yam praśaṃsanti puruṣaḥ saḥ pravardhate
atha yaḥ brāhmaṇākruṣṭaḥ parābhavati saḥ acirāt

23. The person whom the learned (brāhmaṇa) praise, he prospers. But he who is reviled by the learned (brāhmaṇa) quickly suffers decline.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - learned persons (Brahmins, learned persons, those who know Brahman)

• यम् (yam) - whom (a person) (whom, which (masculine singular accusative))

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend, they extol)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, a man (man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa))

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• प्रवर्धते (pravardhate) - he prospers, thrives (he/she/it thrives, prospers, grows, increases)

• अथ (atha) - but (now, then, thereupon, moreover, next)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine singular nominative))

• ब्राह्मणाक्रुष्टः (brāhmaṇākruṣṭaḥ) - reviled by the learned (brāhmaṇa) (reviled/cursed/abused by Brahmins)

• पराभवति (parābhavati) - he declines, perishes (he/she/it is defeated, perishes, declines, is humiliated)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• अचिरात् (acirāt) - quickly (quickly, soon, without delay, in a short time)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - learned persons (Brahmins, learned persons, those who know Brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahman, learned, pious

derived from brahman

यम् (yam) - whom (a person) (whom, which (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend, they extol)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

present active

root √śaṃs (to praise) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, a man (man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

प्रवर्धते (pravardhate) - he prospers, thrives (he/she/it thrives, prospers, grows, increases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravardh

present middle

root √vṛdh (to grow, to increase) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अथ (atha) - but (now, then, thereupon, moreover, next)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to mark a transition or opposition.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun

ब्राह्मणाक्रुष्टः (brāhmaṇākruṣṭaḥ) - reviled by the learned (brāhmaṇa) (reviled/cursed/abused by Brahmins)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇākruṣṭa

brāhmaṇākruṣṭa - reviled by Brahmins

Compound. Second part is a past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+ākruṣṭa)

• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, learned person
  noun (masculine)
• ākruṣṭa – cursed, reviled, abused, reproached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √kruś (to cry out, to call) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

पराभवति (parābhavati) - he declines, perishes (he/she/it is defeated, perishes, declines, is humiliated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of parābhav

present active

root √bhū (to be, to become) with prefixes parā- and ā-

Prefixes: parā+ā

Root: bhū (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

अचिरात् (acirāt) - quickly (quickly, soon, without delay, in a short time)

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'acira' (not long, short)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+cira)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• cira – long (time), lasting, old
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Ablative form used as an adverb.