महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-55, verse-19

अथास्य पादौ जग्राह भीष्मश्चाभिननन्द तम् ।
मूर्ध्नि चैनमुपाघ्राय निषीदेत्यब्रवीत्तदा ॥१९॥

19. athāsya pādau jagrāha bhīṣmaścābhinananda tam ,
mūrdhni cainamupāghrāya niṣīdetyabravīttadā.

19. atha asya pādau jagrāha bhīṣmaḥ ca abhinananda tam
mūrdhni ca enam upāghrāya niṣīda iti abravīt tadā

19. atha bhīṣmaḥ asya pādau jagrāha,
ca tam abhinananda.
ca enam mūrdhni upāghrāya tadā niṣīda iti abravīt.

19. Then Bhishma clasped his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) feet and congratulated him. And after smelling his head (as a sign of blessing), he then said to him, 'Please sit down!'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• अस्य (asya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (his, of this (person))

• पादौ (pādau) - two feet

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - he grasped, he seized, he took

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• च (ca) - and

• अभिननन्द (abhinananda) - he rejoiced, he welcomed, he congratulated

• तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him)

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him)

• उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having smelled, having kissed (a sign of blessing)

• निषीद (niṣīda) - sit down!

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he declared

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (his, of this (person))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

पादौ (pādau) - two feet

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, ray, quarter

Note: Object of `jagrāha`.

जग्राह (jagrāha) - he grasped, he seized, he took

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect tense, third person singular

Root grah (to seize), Kr̥yādi class (9th conjugation)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject is `bhīṣmaḥ`.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma, a prominent character in the Mahābhārata, son of Ganga and Śāntanu

Note: Subject of `jagrāha` and `abhinananda`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभिननन्द (abhinananda) - he rejoiced, he welcomed, he congratulated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of nand

Perfect tense, third person singular

Root nand (to rejoice) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Subject is `bhīṣmaḥ`.

तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `abhinananda`.

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, skull, top, highest part

Note: Place where the action of 'smelling' occurs.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, he, she, it (enclitic pronoun)

Note: Object of `upāghrāya`.

उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having smelled, having kissed (a sign of blessing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root ghrā (to smell) with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ghrā (class 1)

निषीद (niṣīda) - sit down!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of niṣīd

Imperative, second person singular

Root sad (to sit) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Direct speech, quoted by `iti`.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotation marker.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, third person singular

Root brū, Ad-class (2nd conjugation)

Root: brū (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.