महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-55, verse-14

भीष्म उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणानां यथा धर्मो दानमध्ययनं तपः ।
क्षत्रियाणां तथा कृष्ण समरे देहपातनम् ॥१४॥

14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ yathā dharmo dānamadhyayanaṁ tapaḥ ,
kṣatriyāṇāṁ tathā kṛṣṇa samare dehapātanam.

14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇānām yathā dharmaḥ dānam adhyayanam
tapaḥ kṣatriyāṇām tathā kṛṣṇa samare dehapātanam

14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca - kṛṣṇa,
yathā brāhmaṇānām dharmaḥ dānam adhyayanam tapaḥ (asti),
tathā kṣatriyāṇām samare dehapātanam (asti)

14. Bhiṣma said: "Just as the intrinsic nature (dharma) for Brahmins is charity (dāna), study, and austerity (tapas), similarly, O Kṛṣṇa, for Kṣatriyas, it is the relinquishing of the body in battle."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The revered elder, Bhiṣma (Bhiṣma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins, of the priestly class

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural duty or prescribed conduct for a particular class (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, charity

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, recitation

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

• क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kṣatriyas, of the warrior class

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

• कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Kṛṣṇa (vocative address) (Kṛṣṇa)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• देहपातनम् (dehapātanam) - the act of giving up one's body (dying) in battle (casting off the body, death)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The revered elder, Bhiṣma (Bhiṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhiṣma (a proper name); terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, Active, Perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense form of the root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins, of the priestly class

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class; relating to Brahman

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural duty or prescribed conduct for a particular class (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue, code of conduct

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, charity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, charity, giving, liberality

Derived from root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, recitation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading, recitation

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix adhi and suffix -ana.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor, intense meditation

Root: tap (class 1)

क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kṣatriyas, of the warrior class

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a Kṣatriya, member of the warrior and ruling class

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

(indeclinable)

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Kṛṣṇa (vocative address) (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a proper name); dark, black

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

देहपातनम् (dehapātanam) - the act of giving up one's body (dying) in battle (casting off the body, death)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dehapātana

dehapātana - casting off the body, death, laying down the body

Compound type : Tatpurusha (deha+pātana)

• deha – body, corporeal frame
  noun (masculine)
  From root dih (to smear, grow, form).
  Root: dih (class 1)
• pātana – causing to fall, throwing down, felling, dropping
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root pat (to fall) with causative suffix -i and then -ana.
  Root: pat (class 1)