महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-55, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अथाब्रवीन्महातेजा वाक्यं कौरवनन्दनः ।
हन्त धर्मान्प्रवक्ष्यामि दृढे वाङ्मनसी मम ।
तव प्रसादाद्गोविन्द भूतात्मा ह्यसि शाश्वतः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
athābravīnmahātejā vākyaṁ kauravanandanaḥ ,
hanta dharmānpravakṣyāmi dṛḍhe vāṅmanasī mama ,
tava prasādādgovinda bhūtātmā hyasi śāśvataḥ.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca atha abravīt mahātejā
vākyam kauravanandanaḥ hanta dharmān
pravakṣyāmi dṛḍhe vāk manasī mama tava
prasādāt govinda bhūtātmā hi asi śāśvataḥ

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca atha mahātejā
kauravanandanaḥ vākyam abravīt hanta mama vāk
manasī dṛḍhe dharmān pravakṣyāmi govinda
tava prasādāt hi tvam bhūtātmā śāśvataḥ asi

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, the greatly refulgent Bhīṣma, the delight of the Kurus, spoke these words: "Now, I will indeed expound upon the principles of natural law (dharma), as my speech and mind are resolute. O Govinda, it is by your grace, for you are truly the eternal soul of all beings (bhūtātmā)."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• महातेजा (mahātejā) - Bhīṣma, who is being referred to (greatly refulgent, highly energetic)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• कौरवनन्दनः (kauravanandanaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the delight of the Kurus (delight of the Kurus)

• हन्त (hanta) - an exclamation of encouragement or solemnity (indeed, oh!, alas! (exclamation))

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - the principles of natural law (dharma) (duties, laws, principles)

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will expound

• दृढे (dṛḍhe) - firm, resolute, steady

• वाक् (vāk) - speech, word, voice

• मनसी (manasī) - mind, intellect, thought

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• तव (tava) - your, yours

• प्रसादात् (prasādāt) - by grace, through kindness

• गोविन्द (govinda) - O Kṛṣṇa (O Govinda)

• भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the eternal primordial self (ātman), referring to Kṛṣṇa (the soul of all beings, the primordial self)

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

• असि (asi) - you are

• शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal, perpetual

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Imperfect third person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

महातेजा (mahātejā) - Bhīṣma, who is being referred to (greatly refulgent, highly energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - great splendor, great energy, greatly refulgent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+tejas)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• tejas – splendor, energy, spiritual power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with kauravanandanaḥ

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ya

Root: vac (class 2)

कौरवनन्दनः (kauravanandanaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the delight of the Kurus (delight of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauravanandana

kauravanandana - delight of the Kurus, a Kuru prince

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – the Kuru dynasty, a member of the Kuru dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight, gladdener
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

हन्त (hanta) - an exclamation of encouragement or solemnity (indeed, oh!, alas! (exclamation))

(indeclinable)

धर्मान् (dharmān) - the principles of natural law (dharma) (duties, laws, principles)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will expound

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pravac

Future Active

Future first person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

दृढे (dṛḍhe) - firm, resolute, steady

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, dual of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - firm, strong, resolute, steady, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root dṛh (to make firm)

Root: dṛh (class 6)

Note: Agrees with vāk manasī

वाक् (vāk) - speech, word, voice

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used as the first part of the dual compound vāṅmanasī, here explicitly shown without sandhi.

मनसी (manasī) - mind, intellect, thought

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart

derived from root man (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: This is the dual form, completing the sense of 'speech and mind' alongside vāk.

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

तव (tava) - your, yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

प्रसादात् (prasādāt) - by grace, through kindness

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - grace, favor, kindness, clearness, serenity

derived from root sad (to sit) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

गोविन्द (govinda) - O Kṛṣṇa (O Govinda)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - cow-finder, cow-protector, an epithet of Kṛṣṇa and Viṣṇu

भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the eternal primordial self (ātman), referring to Kṛṣṇa (the soul of all beings, the primordial self)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtātman

bhūtātman - the soul of all beings, universal spirit, primordial self (ātman)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+ātman)

• bhūta – created being, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Present second person singular

Root: as (class 2)

शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, permanent, constant

Note: Agrees with bhūtātmā and implies 'you (Kṛṣṇa) are eternal'.