महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-305, verse-9

योऽरुन्धतीं न पश्येत दृष्टपूर्वां कदाचन ।
तथैव ध्रुवमित्याहुः पूर्णेन्दुं दीपमेव च ।
खण्डाभासं दक्षिणतस्तेऽपि संवत्सरायुषः ॥९॥

9. yo'rundhatīṁ na paśyeta dṛṣṭapūrvāṁ kadācana ,
tathaiva dhruvamityāhuḥ pūrṇenduṁ dīpameva ca ,
khaṇḍābhāsaṁ dakṣiṇataste'pi saṁvatsarāyuṣaḥ.

9. yaḥ arundhatīm na paśyeta dṛṣṭapūrvām
kadācana tathā eva dhruvam iti
āhuḥ pūrṇendum dīpam eva ca khaṇḍābhāsam
dakṣiṇataḥ te api saṃvatsarāyuṣaḥ

9. yaḥ dṛṣṭapūrvām arundhatīm kadācana na paśyeta,
tathā eva dhruvam pūrṇendum dīpam eva ca (na paśyeta) iti āhuḥ.
dakṣiṇataḥ khaṇḍābhāsam (ye paśyanti) te api saṃvatsarāyuṣaḥ (bhavanti).

9. He who can no longer see Arundhatī, having previously seen her, or similarly, the Pole Star, the full moon, or a lamp; and those who perceive fragmented light to the south – they all have a lifespan of only one year.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

• अरुन्धतीम् (arundhatīm) - the star Arundhatī (wife of Sage Vasiṣṭha) (Arundhatī (name of a star))

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्येत (paśyeta) - can no longer see (in the sense of perception) (should see, may see, would see)

• दृष्टपूर्वाम् (dṛṣṭapūrvām) - having seen before, previously seen

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever (in a negative sense with 'na': never) (ever, at any time, sometimes)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• एव (eva) - emphasis, 'likewise' (only, just, indeed, even)

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - the Pole Star (fixed, constant, certain; the Pole Star)

• इति (iti) - introduces or concludes a statement, implying 'they say' (thus, so, in this way)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they have said

• पूर्णेन्दुम् (pūrṇendum) - full moon

• दीपम् (dīpam) - lamp, light, lantern

• एव (eva) - emphasis (only, just, indeed, even)

• च (ca) - and, also

• खण्डाभासम् (khaṇḍābhāsam) - fragmented light (fragmented appearance, broken light)

• दक्षिणतः (dakṣiṇataḥ) - to the south (from the south, to the south, on the right side)

• ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• संवत्सरायुषः (saṁvatsarāyuṣaḥ) - having a lifespan of one year

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अरुन्धतीम् (arundhatīm) - the star Arundhatī (wife of Sage Vasiṣṭha) (Arundhatī (name of a star))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of arundhatī

arundhatī - Arundhatī (name of a star, wife of Vasiṣṭha, often associated with marital fidelity)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पश्येत (paśyeta) - can no longer see (in the sense of perception) (should see, may see, would see)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of paś

optative mood

Root 'dṛś', class 1, present stem 'paśya', optative 3rd person singular active

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दृष्टपूर्वाम् (dṛṣṭapūrvām) - having seen before, previously seen

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭapūrva

dṛṣṭapūrva - previously seen, seen before

Compound of dṛṣṭa (past passive participle of dṛś) and pūrva (before).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dṛṣṭa+pūrva)

• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• pūrva – before, prior, former
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies Arundhatīm.

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever (in a negative sense with 'na': never) (ever, at any time, sometimes)

(indeclinable)

Compound of kadā (when) and cana (particle)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasis, 'likewise' (only, just, indeed, even)

(indeclinable)

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - the Pole Star (fixed, constant, certain; the Pole Star)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhruva

dhruva - fixed, constant, firm, certain; the Pole Star; a kind of musical measure

From root 'dhru' (to stand firm)

Root: dhru (class 1)

इति (iti) - introduces or concludes a statement, implying 'they say' (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they have said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

perfect tense

Root 'ah', perfect 3rd person plural active

Root: ah

पूर्णेन्दुम् (pūrṇendum) - full moon

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrṇendu

pūrṇendu - full moon

Compound of pūrṇa (full) and indu (moon)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrṇa+indu)

• pūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root pṛ (to fill)
  Root: pṛ (class 9)
• indu – moon, drop, spot
  noun (masculine)

दीपम् (dīpam) - lamp, light, lantern

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, lantern

Derived from root dīp (to shine, to light up)

Root: dīp (class 4)

एव (eva) - emphasis (only, just, indeed, even)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

खण्डाभासम् (khaṇḍābhāsam) - fragmented light (fragmented appearance, broken light)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khaṇḍābhāsa

khaṇḍābhāsa - fragmented appearance, broken light

Compound of khaṇḍa (fragment) and ābhāsa (appearance, light)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khaṇḍa+ābhāsa)

• khaṇḍa – piece, fragment, part, broken
  noun (masculine)
  From root khaṇḍ (to break, to divide)
  Root: khaṇḍ (class 1)
• ābhāsa – light, splendour, appearance, semblance
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhās (to shine) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhās (class 1)

दक्षिणतः (dakṣiṇataḥ) - to the south (from the south, to the south, on the right side)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from dakṣiṇa (south, right) with the suffix -tas

ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

संवत्सरायुषः (saṁvatsarāyuṣaḥ) - having a lifespan of one year

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃvatsarāyuṣ

saṁvatsarāyuṣ - having a lifespan of one year, whose life is one year

Bahuvrīhi compound of saṃvatsara (year) and āyuṣ (lifespan)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃvatsara+āyuṣ)

• saṃvatsara – year, a full year
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas (to dwell) with prefixes sam- and vi-
  Prefixes: sam+vi
  Root: vas (class 1)
• āyuṣ – life, vital power, lifespan
  noun (neuter)
  From root i (to go) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: i (class 2)