महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-305, verse-14

शवगन्धमुपाघ्राति सुरभिं प्राप्य यो नरः ।
देवतायतनस्थस्तु षड्रात्रेण स मृत्युभाक् ॥१४॥

14. śavagandhamupāghrāti surabhiṁ prāpya yo naraḥ ,
devatāyatanasthastu ṣaḍrātreṇa sa mṛtyubhāk.

14. śavagandham upāghrāti surabhim prāpya yaḥ naraḥ
devatāyatanasthaḥ tu ṣaḍrātreṇa saḥ mṛtyubhāk

14. yaḥ naraḥ surabhim prāpya śavagandham upāghrāti,
devatāyatanasthaḥ tu saḥ ṣaḍrātreṇa mṛtyubhāk

14. That person who, while experiencing a pleasant fragrance, perceives instead the smell of a corpse, especially if he is situated in a temple (devatāyatana), will be destined for death (mṛtyubhāk) within six nights.

Words meanings summery:

• शवगन्धम् (śavagandham) - smell of a corpse, putrid odor

• उपाघ्राति (upāghrāti) - smells, sniffs, perceives the smell

• सुरभिम् (surabhim) - a pleasant fragrance (fragrant, pleasant-smelling)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - while experiencing (a fragrance) (having obtained, having reached, having met)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, which

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• देवतायतनस्थः (devatāyatanasthaḥ) - situated in a temple, standing in a sanctuary

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• षड्रात्रेण (ṣaḍrātreṇa) - within six nights/days

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• मृत्युभाक् (mṛtyubhāk) - destined for death, partaker of death

Words meanings and morphology

शवगन्धम् (śavagandham) - smell of a corpse, putrid odor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śavagandha

śavagandha - smell of a corpse, putrid odor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śava+gandha)

• śava – corpse, dead body
  noun (masculine)
• gandha – smell, odor, fragrance
  noun (masculine)

उपाघ्राति (upāghrāti) - smells, sniffs, perceives the smell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ghrā

Present Tense

3rd person singular present active indicative from root GHRĀ with prefixes UPA and Ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: GHRĀ (class 1)

सुरभिम् (surabhim) - a pleasant fragrance (fragrant, pleasant-smelling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of surabhi

surabhi - fragrant, aromatic, pleasant-smelling; a fragrant substance, perfume

Note: Qualifying a noun (gandham) which is implicitly understood, or used as a noun itself meaning 'a fragrance'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - while experiencing (a fragrance) (having obtained, having reached, having met)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root ĀP ('to obtain, reach') with prefix PRA, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: ĀP (class 5)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever

Relative pronoun.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being, hero

देवतायतनस्थः (devatāyatanasthaḥ) - situated in a temple, standing in a sanctuary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devatāyatanastha

devatāyatanastha - standing or situated in a temple/sanctuary

Compound of 'devatāyatana' (temple) and 'stha' (standing/situated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (devatāyatana+stha)

• devatāyatana – temple, sanctuary, abode of gods
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of 'devatā' (deity) and 'āyatana' (abode/place).
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (all three)
  Derived from root STHĀ 'to stand'.
  Root: STHĀ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to emphasize or introduce a contrast.

षड्रात्रेण (ṣaḍrātreṇa) - within six nights/days

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ṣaḍrātra

ṣaḍrātra - a period of six nights/days

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+rātra)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• rātra – night, a day (including day and night)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental case indicates 'within' or 'by means of'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

मृत्युभाक् (mṛtyubhāk) - destined for death, partaker of death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyubhāj

mṛtyubhāj - partaker of death, destined to die

Compound formed from 'mṛtyu' and 'bhāj' (from root BHAJ 'to partake').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+bhāj)

• mṛtyu – death, Yama (god of death)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: MṚ (class 6)
• bhāj – partaking, possessing, belonging to, enjoying
  adjective (all three)
  Agent noun or adjective derived from root BHAJ 'to partake'.
  Root: BHAJ (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of 'mṛtyubhāj'.