महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-305, verse-13

शीर्णनाभि यथा चक्रं छिद्रं सोमं प्रपश्यति ।
तथैव च सहस्रांशुं सप्तरात्रेण मृत्युभाक् ॥१३॥

13. śīrṇanābhi yathā cakraṁ chidraṁ somaṁ prapaśyati ,
tathaiva ca sahasrāṁśuṁ saptarātreṇa mṛtyubhāk.

13. śīrṇanābhiḥ yathā cakram chidram somam prapaśyati
tathā eva ca sahasrāṃśum saptarātreṇa mṛtyubhāk

13. yathā cakram śīrṇanābhiḥ somam chidram prapaśyati
tathā eva ca sahasrāṃśum saptarātreṇa mṛtyubhāk

13. Just as one perceives a wheel with a shattered hub or the moon appearing full of holes, similarly, a person who perceives the sun (sahasrāṃśu) [in such a distorted or imperfect manner] will be destined for death within seven nights.

Words meanings summery:

• शीर्णनाभिः (śīrṇanābhiḥ) - having a shattered hub/nave

• यथा (yathā) - just as, in the manner that, as

• चक्रम् (cakram) - wheel, discus, circle

• छिद्रम् (chidram) - appearing full of holes (like the moon) (pierced, full of holes, defective, flawed)

• सोमम् (somam) - the moon, Soma (the plant/drink)

• प्रपश्यति (prapaśyati) - one sees, perceives, observes

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• च (ca) - and, also

• सहस्रांशुम् (sahasrāṁśum) - the sun (having a thousand rays)

• सप्तरात्रेण (saptarātreṇa) - within seven nights/days

• मृत्युभाक् (mṛtyubhāk) - destined for death, partaker of death

Words meanings and morphology

शीर्णनाभिः (śīrṇanābhiḥ) - having a shattered hub/nave

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīrṇanābhi

śīrṇanābhi - having a shattered or broken hub/nave

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śīrṇa+nābhi)

• śīrṇa – shattered, broken, torn, withered
  adjective (all three)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ŚṜ (śṜ) 'to break, tear' with suffix -ta.
  Root: ŚṜ (class 9)
• nābhi – navel, hub/nave of a wheel, center
  noun (masculine)

Note: Visarga dropped due to external sandhi.

यथा (yathā) - just as, in the manner that, as

(indeclinable)

चक्रम् (cakram) - wheel, discus, circle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, discus, circle, an army formation

छिद्रम् (chidram) - appearing full of holes (like the moon) (pierced, full of holes, defective, flawed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chidra

chidra - a hole, fissure, defect, flaw; also adjective: pierced, full of holes

Note: Functions as an adjective for 'somam'.

सोमम् (somam) - the moon, Soma (the plant/drink)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - the moon, Soma (the plant, its juice, the deity), nectar, heaven

प्रपश्यति (prapaśyati) - one sees, perceives, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paśyati

Present Tense

3rd person singular present active indicative from root DṚŚ, with prefix PRA and the paśya-stem.

Prefix: pra

Root: DṚŚ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सहस्रांशुम् (sahasrāṁśum) - the sun (having a thousand rays)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahasrāṃśu

sahasrāṁśu - the sun (literally 'thousand-rayed')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+aṃśu)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• aṃśu – ray of light, fiber, shoot
  noun (masculine)

सप्तरात्रेण (saptarātreṇa) - within seven nights/days

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of saptarātra

saptarātra - a period of seven nights/days

Compound type : dvigu (sapta+rātra)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• rātra – night, a day (including day and night)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental case indicates 'within' or 'by means of'.

मृत्युभाक् (mṛtyubhāk) - destined for death, partaker of death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyubhāj

mṛtyubhāj - partaker of death, destined to die

Compound formed from 'mṛtyu' and 'bhāj' (from root BHAJ 'to partake').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+bhāj)

• mṛtyu – death, Yama (god of death)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: MṚ (class 6)
• bhāj – partaking, possessing, belonging to, enjoying
  adjective (all three)
  Agent noun or adjective derived from root BHAJ 'to partake'.
  Root: BHAJ (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of 'mṛtyubhāj'.