महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-305, verse-10

परचक्षुषि चात्मानं ये न पश्यन्ति पार्थिव ।
आत्मच्छायाकृतीभूतं तेऽपि संवत्सरायुषः ॥१०॥

10. paracakṣuṣi cātmānaṁ ye na paśyanti pārthiva ,
ātmacchāyākṛtībhūtaṁ te'pi saṁvatsarāyuṣaḥ.

10. paracakṣuṣi ca ātmānam ye na paśyanti pārthiva
ātmacchāyākṛtībhūtam te api saṃvatsarāyuṣaḥ

10. pārthiva,
ye paracakṣuṣi ca ātmānam ātmacchāyākṛtībhūtam na paśyanti,
te api saṃvatsarāyuṣaḥ (bhavanti).

10. And those, O King, who do not perceive their own self (ātman) in others' eyes, or whose image appears as a mere shadow – they too have a lifespan of only one year.

Words meanings summery:

• परचक्षुषि (paracakṣuṣi) - in others' eyes (in another's eye, in the eye of another)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - their own self (ātman) (self, soul, individual essence)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which)

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they perceive (they see, they perceive)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata context) (O King, O son of the earth)

• आत्मच्छायाकृतीभूतम् (ātmacchāyākṛtībhūtam) - whose image appears as a mere shadow (having become the form of one's own shadow, whose image has become a shadow)

• ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• संवत्सरायुषः (saṁvatsarāyuṣaḥ) - having a lifespan of one year

Words meanings and morphology

परचक्षुषि (paracakṣuṣi) - in others' eyes (in another's eye, in the eye of another)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of paracakṣus

paracakṣus - another's eye, the eye of another

Compound of para (other) and cakṣus (eye)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+cakṣus)

• para – other, another, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• cakṣus – eye, sight, vision
  noun (neuter)
  From root cakṣ (to see)
  Root: cakṣ (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - their own self (ātman) (self, soul, individual essence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath

ये (ye) - those who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they perceive (they see, they perceive)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of paś

present tense

Root 'dṛś', class 1, present stem 'paśya', present 3rd person plural active

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata context) (O King, O son of the earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, a king, a prince, son of Pṛthā

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

आत्मच्छायाकृतीभूतम् (ātmacchāyākṛtībhūtam) - whose image appears as a mere shadow (having become the form of one's own shadow, whose image has become a shadow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmacchāyākṛtībhūta

ātmacchāyākṛtībhūta - whose form is made of one's own shadow, having become an image of one's own shadow

Compound of ātman (self), chāyā (shadow/image), kṛti (form/making), and bhūta (become). A bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ātman+chāyā+kṛti+bhūta)

• ātman – self, soul, individual essence
  noun (masculine)
• chāyā – shadow, image, reflection, shade
  noun (feminine)
• kṛti – making, doing, action, work, form
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• bhūta – become, been, past, being, creature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ātmānam'.

ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

संवत्सरायुषः (saṁvatsarāyuṣaḥ) - having a lifespan of one year

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃvatsarāyuṣ

saṁvatsarāyuṣ - having a lifespan of one year, whose life is one year

Bahuvrīhi compound of saṃvatsara (year) and āyuṣ (lifespan)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃvatsara+āyuṣ)

• saṃvatsara – year, a full year
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas (to dwell) with prefixes sam- and vi-
  Prefixes: sam+vi
  Root: vas (class 1)
• āyuṣ – life, vital power, lifespan
  noun (neuter)
  From root i (to go) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: i (class 2)