महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-275, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
शोकाद्दुःखाच्च मृत्योश्च त्रस्यन्ति प्राणिनः सदा ।
उभयं मे यथा न स्यात्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śokādduḥkhācca mṛtyośca trasyanti prāṇinaḥ sadā ,
ubhayaṁ me yathā na syāttanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca śokāt duḥkhāt ca mṛtyoḥ ca trasyanti
प्राणिनः sadā ubhayam me yathā na syāt tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca prāṇinaḥ sadā śokāt ca duḥkhāt ca mṛtyoḥ
ca trasyanti pitāmaha me ubhayam yathā na syāt tat me brūhi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: Living beings always tremble from grief, sorrow, and death. O Grandfather, tell me how both (grief/sorrow and death) may not befall me.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke, declared)

• शोकात् (śokāt) - from grief (from grief, from sorrow, from anguish)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from pain, from suffering)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - from death (from death, of death)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• त्रस्यन्ति (trasyanti) - they fear, they tremble (they fear, they tremble, they are terrified)

• प्राणिनः (prāṇinaḥ) - living beings (living beings, creatures, sentient beings)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, ever)

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (referring to grief/sorrow and death) (both, the two)

• मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, of me)

• यथा (yathā) - how, so that (how, as, so that, in order that)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be (fall upon me) (may be, should be, would be, exists)

• तत् (tat) - that (advice) (that, it, this)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, say, speak)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressed to Bhīṣma) (O grandfather, grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (lit. 'steady in battle', eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh, used as first member of compound (yudhi).
• sthira – steady, firm, constant, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From sthā + kiran
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

3rd person singular perfect, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

शोकात् (śokāt) - from grief (from grief, from sorrow, from anguish)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation, distress

From śuc + ghañ

Root: śuc (class 1)

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from pain, from suffering)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - from death (from death, of death)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, the god of death

From mṛ + tyu

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Also genitive singular.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

त्रस्यन्ति (trasyanti) - they fear, they tremble (they fear, they tremble, they are terrified)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tras

Present tense (Laṭ)

3rd person plural present, Parasmaipada

Root: tras (class 4)

प्राणिनः (prāṇinaḥ) - living beings (living beings, creatures, sentient beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇin

prāṇin - living, sentient, endowed with breath; living being, creature

From prāṇa + ini (possessive suffix)

Note: Subject of `trasyanti`.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, ever)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (referring to grief/sorrow and death) (both, the two)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, of both kinds, two-fold

Often used as a pronoun.

Note: Also accusative singular neuter.

मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, of me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

1st person pronoun. Enclitic form.

यथा (yathā) - how, so that (how, as, so that, in order that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb/conjunction.

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause of purpose or manner.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be (fall upon me) (may be, should be, would be, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative (Vidhi-liṅ)

3rd person singular optative, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (advice) (that, it, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `brūhi`.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

1st person pronoun. Enclitic form.

Note: Indirect object of `brūhi`.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, say, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative (Loṭ)

2nd person singular imperative, Parasmaipada

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Command/request.

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressed to Bhīṣma) (O grandfather, grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father); Brahmā