महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-251, verse-21

जीवितुं यः स्वयं चेच्छेत्कथं सोऽन्यं प्रघातयेत् ।
यद्यदात्मन इच्छेत तत्परस्यापि चिन्तयेत् ॥२१॥

21. jīvituṁ yaḥ svayaṁ cecchetkathaṁ so'nyaṁ praghātayet ,
yadyadātmana iccheta tatparasyāpi cintayet.

21. jīvitum yaḥ svayam ca icchet katham saḥ anyam praghātayet
yat yat ātmanaḥ iccheta tat parasya api cintayet

21. yaḥ svayam jīvitum ca icchet saḥ anyam katham praghātayet
yat yat ātmanaḥ iccheta tat parasya api cintayet

21. How can one who himself wishes to live cause harm to another? Whatever one desires for oneself (ātman), one should also consider for others.

Words meanings summery:

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, for living

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

• च (ca) - and, also

• इच्छेत् (icchet) - should wish, may desire

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other

• प्रघातयेत् (praghātayet) - should cause to kill, should harm, should injure

• यत् (yat) - whatever, that which

• यत् (yat) - whatever, that which

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, for oneself, of the self

• इच्छेत (iccheta) - should wish, may desire

• तत् (tat) - that, that very thing

• परस्य (parasya) - of another, for another

• अपि (api) - also, even

• चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - should think, should consider

Words meanings and morphology

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, for living

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From root jīv (class 1, parasmāipada)

Root: jīv (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इच्छेत् (icchet) - should wish, may desire

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of iṣ

optative

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice

Root: iṣ (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

प्रघातयेत् (praghātayet) - should cause to kill, should harm, should injure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pra-han

causative optative

From root han (class 2, parasmāipada), causative stem ghātaya-, 3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: han (class 2)

यत् (yat) - whatever, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Used twice for emphasis: 'whatever... that very thing'

यत् (yat) - whatever, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Used twice for emphasis: 'whatever... that very thing'

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, for oneself, of the self

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind, vital breath

इच्छेत (iccheta) - should wish, may desire

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of iṣ

optative

3rd person singular, optative mood, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: iṣ (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that, that very thing

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परस्य (parasya) - of another, for another

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - should think, should consider

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of cint

optative

From root cit (class 10, parasmāipada), 3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice

Root: cit (class 10)