महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-251, verse-17

दातव्यमित्ययं धर्म उक्तो भूतहिते रतैः ।
तं मन्यन्ते धनयुताः कृपणैः संप्रवर्तितम् ॥१७॥

17. dātavyamityayaṁ dharma ukto bhūtahite rataiḥ ,
taṁ manyante dhanayutāḥ kṛpaṇaiḥ saṁpravartitam.

17. dātavyam iti ayam dharmaḥ uktaḥ bhūtahite rataiḥ
tam manyante dhanayutāḥ kṛpaṇaiḥ saṃpravartitam

17. bhūtahite rataiḥ ayam dātavyam iti dharmaḥ uktaḥ
tam dhanayutāḥ kṛpaṇaiḥ saṃpravartitam manyante

17. This principle (dharma) of giving should be practiced, as declared by those dedicated to the welfare of all beings. However, the wealthy consider it to have been initiated by the miserly.

Words meanings summery:

• दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - what should be given, generosity, donation

• इति (iti) - indicating the preceding statement as a principle (thus, so, in this manner)

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - principle of giving (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, principle (dharma))

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, spoken, declared

• भूतहिते (bhūtahite) - in the welfare of beings, for the good of creatures

• रतैः (rataiḥ) - by those engaged, by those devoted, by those fond of

• तम् (tam) - that (principle of dharma) (that, him, it)

• मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider, they think, they believe

• धनयुताः (dhanayutāḥ) - those endowed with wealth, wealthy people

• कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by the miserly, by the wretched, by the poor

• संप्रवर्तितम् (saṁpravartitam) - initiated, begun, put into motion, practiced

Words meanings and morphology

दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - what should be given, generosity, donation

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dātavya

dātavya - that which is to be given, a gift, generosity

Gerundive

Derived from the root dā (to give) with the suffix tavya.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Also functions as a noun in this context.

इति (iti) - indicating the preceding statement as a principle (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to dharmaḥ.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - principle of giving (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, principle (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, principle (dharma)

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, spoken, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root vac (to speak), irregular past passive participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies dharmaḥ.

भूतहिते (bhūtahite) - in the welfare of beings, for the good of creatures

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhūtahita

bhūtahita - welfare of beings, good of creatures

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+hita)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past passive participle of bhū (to be, to exist), often used as a noun.
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good
  noun (neuter)
  From root dhā (to place) or hi (to send forth) and refers to 'that which is beneficial'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the welfare'.

रतैः (rataiḥ) - by those engaged, by those devoted, by those fond of

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rata

rata - engaged, devoted, fond of, pleased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root ram (to delight, to be pleased).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agent of uktaḥ.

तम् (tam) - that (principle of dharma) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to `ayam dharmaḥ`.

मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider, they think, they believe

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present tense, Middle voice

Class 4 verb, present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

धनयुताः (dhanayutāḥ) - those endowed with wealth, wealthy people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanayuta

dhanayuta - endowed with wealth, rich

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+yuta)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhan (class 1)
• yuta – joined, united, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yu (to join) with suffix kta.
  Root: yu (class 2)

Note: Subject of manyante.

कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by the miserly, by the wretched, by the poor

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - miserly, poor, wretched, piteous

From root kṛp (to mourn, be distressed).

Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Agent of saṃpravartitam.

संप्रवर्तितम् (saṁpravartitam) - initiated, begun, put into motion, practiced

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃpravartita

saṁpravartita - initiated, begun, set in motion, performed, practiced

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt with prefixes sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)