महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-251, verse-12

न हर्तव्यं परधनमिति धर्मः सनातनः ।
मन्यन्ते बलवन्तस्तं दुर्बलैः संप्रवर्तितम् ।
यदा नियतिदौर्बल्यमथैषामेव रोचते ॥१२॥

12. na hartavyaṁ paradhanamiti dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
manyante balavantastaṁ durbalaiḥ saṁpravartitam ,
yadā niyatidaurbalyamathaiṣāmeva rocate.

12. na hartavyam para-dhanam iti dharmaḥ
sanātanaḥ manyante balavantaḥ
tam durbalaiḥ saṃpravartitam yadā
niyati-daurbalyam atha eṣām eva rocate

12. para-dhanam na hartavyam iti sanātanaḥ
dharmaḥ balavantaḥ tam durbalaiḥ saṃpravartitam
manyante yadā eṣām niyati-daurbalyam
(bhavati) atha eva (tat tebhyaḥ) rocate

12. "The wealth of others should not be seized"—this is an eternal natural law (dharma). However, the powerful consider this principle to have been established by the weak. But when unavoidable weakness (niyati-daurbalyam) affects them, then it indeed becomes acceptable to them.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हर्तव्यम् (hartavyam) - to be stolen, ought to be carried off or taken

• पर-धनम् (para-dhanam) - others' wealth, property of others

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, perpetual, ancient

• मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they think, they consider, they believe

• बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - the powerful, strong ones

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• दुर्बलैः (durbalaiḥ) - by the weak, by weak ones

• संप्रवर्तितम् (saṁpravartitam) - promulgated, set in motion, originated, established

• यदा (yadā) - when

• नियति-दौर्बल्यम् (niyati-daurbalyam) - weakness of fate, unavoidable weakness

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• एषाम् (eṣām) - to them, of these

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• रोचते (rocate) - it is pleasing, it shines, it delights

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हर्तव्यम् (hartavyam) - to be stolen, ought to be carried off or taken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hartavya

hartavya - to be taken, to be stolen, to be seized, to be carried off

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root 'hṛ' (to seize, carry off, steal) + suffix 'tavya'.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses obligation.

पर-धनम् (para-dhanam) - others' wealth, property of others

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paradhana

paradhana - property of another, another's wealth

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (para+dhana)

• para – other, another's, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'hartavyam'.

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit

From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support, maintain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, perpetual, ancient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, ancient, primeval

From 'sanā' (always) + 'tana' (suffix).

मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they think, they consider, they believe

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

3rd person plural, present tense, middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

बलवन्तः (balavantaḥ) - the powerful, strong ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balavat

balavat - powerful, strong, mighty

Possessive adjective formed from 'bala' (strength) + suffix 'matup'.

Note: Subject of 'manyante'.

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'manyante'.

दुर्बलैः (durbalaiḥ) - by the weak, by weak ones

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Formed from 'dur-' (bad, ill) + 'bala' (strength).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

संप्रवर्तितम् (saṁpravartitam) - promulgated, set in motion, originated, established

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃpravartita

saṁpravartita - set in motion, originated, promulgated, established, caused to proceed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'sam-' + 'pra-' + root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) + suffix 'kta'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the 'dharma' as a general principle or statement.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

नियति-दौर्बल्यम् (niyati-daurbalyam) - weakness of fate, unavoidable weakness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niyatidaurbalya

niyatidaurbalya - weakness of destiny/fate, unavoidable feebleness

From 'niyati' (fate, destiny) + 'daurbalya' (weakness).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (niyati+daurbalya)

• niyati – fate, destiny, necessity
  noun (feminine)
  from ni-yam
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• daurbalya – weakness, feebleness, infirmity
  noun (neuter)
  from durbala

Note: Subject of the 'yadā' clause.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Connective particle.

एषाम् (eṣām) - to them, of these

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive or dative equivalent ('to them').

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

रोचते (rocate) - it is pleasing, it shines, it delights

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice. Often used impersonally or with dative of person pleased.

Root: ruc (class 1)