महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-251, verse-18

यदा नियतिकार्पण्यमथैषामेव रोचते ।
न ह्यत्यन्तं धनवन्तो भवन्ति सुखिनोऽपि वा ॥१८॥

18. yadā niyatikārpaṇyamathaiṣāmeva rocate ,
na hyatyantaṁ dhanavanto bhavanti sukhino'pi vā.

18. yadā niyatikārpaṇyam atha eṣām eva rocate na hi
atyantam dhanavantaḥ bhavanti sukhinaḥ api vā

18. yadā atha eṣām eva niyatikārpaṇyam rocate hi
atyantam dhanavantaḥ sukhinaḥ api vā na bhavanti

18. When indeed, their miserliness, (which they consider) destined, becomes pleasing to them, then truly, the extremely wealthy are neither happy nor even content.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• नियतिकार्पण्यम् (niyatikārpaṇyam) - their miserliness, which they consider destined (destined stinginess, miserliness of fate, constrained poverty)

• अथ (atha) - then (introducing the consequence) (then, next, moreover)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - to them (the wealthy people mentioned in the previous verse) (to them, for these, of these)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only (only, just, indeed, very)

• रोचते (rocate) - it is pleasing (to them) (it is pleasing, it shines)

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (explaining the reason) (for, indeed, because)

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - extremely (excessively, extremely, very much)

• धनवन्तः (dhanavantaḥ) - wealthy, rich people

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become, they exist

• सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy, joyful, comfortable

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• वा (vā) - or (implying 'nor even' in negative context) (or, either)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

Formed from yad (what, which) with suffix dā.

Note: Temporal adverb.

नियतिकार्पण्यम् (niyatikārpaṇyam) - their miserliness, which they consider destined (destined stinginess, miserliness of fate, constrained poverty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niyatikārpaṇya

niyatikārpaṇya - destined stinginess, miserliness of fate, wretchedness due to destiny

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niyati+kārpaṇya)

• niyati – destiny, fate, necessity, restraint
  noun (feminine)
  From ni + root yam (to restrain, govern).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• kārpaṇya – miserliness, stinginess, wretchedness, pitiable state
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from kṛpaṇa (miserly, poor) with suffix ṣyañ (sense of state or quality).
  Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Subject of rocate.

अथ (atha) - then (introducing the consequence) (then, next, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - to them (the wealthy people mentioned in the previous verse) (to them, for these, of these)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: The dative case is used with verbs like ruc (to please).

एव (eva) - indeed, only (only, just, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

रोचते (rocate) - it is pleasing (to them) (it is pleasing, it shines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present tense, Middle voice

Class 1 verb, present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Used with a dative object indicating the person to whom something is pleasing.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

हि (hi) - for, indeed (explaining the reason) (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses, providing a reason.

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - extremely (excessively, extremely, very much)

(indeclinable)

From ati (beyond) + anta (end).

Prefix: ati

Root: ant

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'dhanavantaḥ'.

धनवन्तः (dhanavantaḥ) - wealthy, rich people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanavat

dhanavat - possessing wealth, wealthy, rich

From dhana (wealth) with suffix mat/vat (possessive).

Note: Subject of bhavanti.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become, they exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, Active voice

Class 1 verb, present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सुखिनः (sukhinaḥ) - happy, joyful, comfortable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, comfortable, possessing happiness

From sukha (happiness) with suffix in (possessive).

Note: Predicate adjective for dhanavantaḥ.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes sukhinaḥ.

वा (vā) - or (implying 'nor even' in negative context) (or, either)

(indeclinable)