महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-251, verse-19

यदन्यैर्विहितं नेच्छेदात्मनः कर्म पूरुषः ।
न तत्परेषु कुर्वीत जानन्नप्रियमात्मनः ॥१९॥

19. yadanyairvihitaṁ necchedātmanaḥ karma pūruṣaḥ ,
na tatpareṣu kurvīta jānannapriyamātmanaḥ.

19. yat anyaiḥ vihitam na icchet ātmanaḥ karma pūruṣaḥ
na tat pareṣu kurvīta jānan apriyam ātmanaḥ

19. pūruṣaḥ yat karma anyaiḥ ātmanaḥ vihitam na icchet
tat apriyam ātmanaḥ jānan pareṣu na kurvīta

19. That action (karma) which a person (puruṣa) would not wish others to do to himself, he should not do that to others, knowing it to be disagreeable to his own self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that action (karma) which... (what, which, that which)

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

• विहितम् (vihitam) - done (to him) (done, performed, ordained, made)

• न (na) - not, no

• इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should wish, one should desire

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to his own self (of the self, for the self, to the self)

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work, ritual (karma)

• पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - person, man, human being (puruṣa)

• न (na) - not, no

• तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

• परेषु (pareṣu) - to others, upon others, among others

• कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should do, one should perform

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, while knowing

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeable (to oneself) (unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to his own self (of the self, for the self, to the self)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that action (karma) which... (what, which, that which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - what, which, that, who

Note: Acts as the object of icchet.

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Agent of vihitam.

विहितम् (vihitam) - done (to him) (done, performed, ordained, made)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - done, performed, placed, arranged, ordained

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place, do) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies karma (implied).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates icchet.

इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should wish, one should desire

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of iṣ

Optative mood, Active voice

Class 6 verb, optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to his own self (of the self, for the self, to the self)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual essence (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Genitive or dative of relationship/interest.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work, ritual (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny resulting from action (karma)

From root kṛ (to do) with suffix man.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of icchet.

पूरुषः (pūruṣaḥ) - person, man, human being (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūruṣa

pūruṣa - person, man, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

From root pṛ (to fill, be full) with suffix uṣa.

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Subject of icchet and kurvīta.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates kurvīta.

तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun, referring back to yat karma.

परेषु (pareṣu) - to others, upon others, among others

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, supreme, alien

Note: Used in the sense of 'upon others'.

कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should do, one should perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

Optative mood, Middle voice

Class 8 verb, optative mood, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses a command or suggestion.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, while knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, intelligent

Present Active Participle

From root jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies pūruṣaḥ.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeable (to oneself) (unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful, unloved

Negative prefix a + priya (dear, pleasing).

Prefix: a

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Object of knowing, 'knowing that it is unpleasant'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to his own self (of the self, for the self, to the self)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual essence (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Genitive or dative of relationship/interest, connected with apriyam.