महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-251, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
इमे वै मानवाः सर्वे धर्मं प्रति विशङ्किताः ।
कोऽयं धर्मः कुतो धर्मस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ime vai mānavāḥ sarve dharmaṁ prati viśaṅkitāḥ ,
ko'yaṁ dharmaḥ kuto dharmastanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ime vai mānavāḥ sarve dharmam prati
viśaṅkitāḥ kaḥ ayam dharmaḥ kutaḥ dharmaḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha ime vai sarve mānavāḥ dharmam
prati viśaṅkitāḥ kaḥ ayam dharmaḥ kutaḥ dharmaḥ tat me brūhi

1. Yudhishthira said: Indeed, all these human beings are very uncertain about (dharma). What is this (dharma)? From where does (dharma) originate? Please tell me that, O Grandfather.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इमे (ime) - these

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings, men

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma, natural law, duty

• प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

• विशङ्किताः (viśaṅkitāḥ) - doubtful, uncertain, suspicious

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma, natural law, duty

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma, natural law, duty

• तत् (tat) - that

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (Bhishma) (O Grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (a proper name, eldest Pandava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - a human being, man, descendant of Manu

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma, natural law, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness

प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

(indeclinable)

विशङ्किताः (viśaṅkitāḥ) - doubtful, uncertain, suspicious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśaṅkita

viśaṅkita - doubted, suspected, uncertain, fearful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śaṅk with prefix vi and kta suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: śaṅk (class 5)

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma, natural law, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma, natural law, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (Bhishma) (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great father, ancestor