महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-141, verse-27

स शिलायां शिरः कृत्वा पर्णान्यास्तीर्य भूतले ।
दुःखेन महताविष्टस्ततः सुष्वाप पक्षिहा ॥२७॥

27. sa śilāyāṁ śiraḥ kṛtvā parṇānyāstīrya bhūtale ,
duḥkhena mahatāviṣṭastataḥ suṣvāpa pakṣihā.

27. saḥ śilāyāṃ śiraḥ kṛtvā parṇāni āstīrya bhūtale
duḥkhena mahatā āviṣṭaḥ tataḥ suṣvāpa pakṣihā

27. tataḥ saḥ pakṣihā śilāyāṃ śiraḥ kṛtvā bhūtale
parṇāni āstīrya mahatā duḥkhena āviṣṭaḥ suṣvāpa

27. Then, that bird-killer (hunter), having placed his head on a stone and spread leaves on the ground, and overcome by great distress, fell asleep.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - The hunter. (he, that (masculine))

• शिलायां (śilāyāṁ) - on a rock, on a stone

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - Having placed his head. (having done, having placed)

• पर्णानि (parṇāni) - leaves, foliage

• आस्तीर्य (āstīrya) - Having spread leaves as a makeshift bed. (having spread, having strewn)

• भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - By the great distress he felt from cold and situation. (by sorrow, by pain, by misery)

• महता (mahatā) - Qualifies duḥkhena. (by great, by much)

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - Overcome by distress. (entered, pervaded, overcome, possessed)

• ततः (tataḥ) - After doing these actions. (then, thereupon, from that)

• सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - he slept

• पक्षिहा (pakṣihā) - Refers to the hunter. (bird-killer, fowler, hunter)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - The hunter. (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject.

शिलायां (śilāyāṁ) - on a rock, on a stone

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śilā

śilā - rock, stone, slab

Root: śi (class 2)

Note: Location for placing the head.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - Having placed his head. (having done, having placed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √kṛ + -tvā suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Action preceding the main verb suṣvāpa.

पर्णानि (parṇāni) - leaves, foliage

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of parṇa

parṇa - leaf, feather, wing

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of āstīrya.

आस्तीर्य (āstīrya) - Having spread leaves as a makeshift bed. (having spread, having strewn)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √stṛ (to spread) with prefix ā + -ya suffix (for absolutives with prefixes).

Prefix: ā

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Action preceding the main verb suṣvāpa.

भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhūtala

bhūtala - ground, earth's surface, terrestrial region

bhū + tala.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+tala)

• bhū – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, flat ground, plain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location for spreading leaves.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - By the great distress he felt from cold and situation. (by sorrow, by pain, by misery)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery, distress

Note: Instrument/cause of being overcome.

महता (mahatā) - Qualifies duḥkhena. (by great, by much)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, big, much

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with duḥkhena.

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - Overcome by distress. (entered, pervaded, overcome, possessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, pervaded, seized, possessed, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From ā + √viś (to enter).

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the subject saḥ.

ततः (tataḥ) - After doing these actions. (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad.

सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - he slept

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of svap

Perfect tense, active voice

Irregular perfect of √svap.

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

पक्षिहा (pakṣihā) - Refers to the hunter. (bird-killer, fowler, hunter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣihan

pakṣihan - bird-killer, fowler

From pakṣin (bird) + han (killer, from √han 'to kill').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pakṣin+han)

• pakṣin – bird, winged creature
  noun (masculine)
• han – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from root √han (to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Apposition to saḥ.