महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-141, verse-23

स तु शीतहतैर्गात्रैर्जगामैव न तस्थिवान् ।
सोऽपश्यद्वनषण्डेषु मेघनीलं वनस्पतिम् ॥२३॥

23. sa tu śītahatairgātrairjagāmaiva na tasthivān ,
so'paśyadvanaṣaṇḍeṣu meghanīlaṁ vanaspatim.

23. saḥ tu śītahataiḥ gātraiḥ jagāma eva na tasthivān
saḥ apaśyat vanaṣaṇḍeṣu meghanīlam vanaspatim

23. saḥ tu śītahataiḥ gātraiḥ na tasthivān eva jagāma
saḥ vanaṣaṇḍeṣu meghanīlam vanaspatim apaśyat

23. But he, with his limbs struck by the cold, kept going and did not stop. He then saw a large tree (vanaspati) with leaves as dark as a cloud in the forest groves.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, yet, on the other hand

• शीतहतैः (śītahataiḥ) - by those struck by cold, by cold-stricken

• गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - by limbs, by body parts

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he proceeded

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• न (na) - not, no

• तस्थिवान् (tasthivān) - not standing still, continuing to move (having stood, remaining (not standing))

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• वनषण्डेषु (vanaṣaṇḍeṣu) - in the forest thickets, in the groves

• मेघनीलम् (meghanīlam) - dark blue like a cloud (describing the tree's foliage) (cloud-blue, dark blue like a cloud)

• वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - a large tree, a tree of the forest

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

शीतहतैः (śītahataiḥ) - by those struck by cold, by cold-stricken

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śītahata

śītahata - struck by cold, chilled, benumbed by cold

Compound type : tatpurusha (śīta+hata)

• śīta – cold, cool; coldness
  noun (neuter)
• hata – struck, killed, injured, affected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root han 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)

गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - by limbs, by body parts

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - limb, body, part of the body

जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

root 'gam' (1st class, Parasmaipada)

Root: gam (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तस्थिवान् (tasthivān) - not standing still, continuing to move (having stood, remaining (not standing))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to remain, to stay, to abide

root 'sthā' (1st class, Parasmaipada)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Derived from the perfect participle (kvasu) of sthā. The form here implies a state of 'having stood' or 'one who has stood', but with 'na' it means 'not having stood' or 'not remaining stationary'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

root 'dṛś' (1st class, Parasmaipada). 'paśy' is the present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वनषण्डेषु (vanaṣaṇḍeṣu) - in the forest thickets, in the groves

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vanaṣaṇḍa

vanaṣaṇḍa - forest thicket, grove, cluster of trees in a forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+ṣaṇḍa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• ṣaṇḍa – thicket, grove, cluster, herd
  noun (masculine)

मेघनीलम् (meghanīlam) - dark blue like a cloud (describing the tree's foliage) (cloud-blue, dark blue like a cloud)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of meghanīla

meghanīla - cloud-blue, dark blue like a cloud

Compound type : tatpurusha (megha+nīla)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
• nīla – blue, dark blue, black; a sapphire
  adjective (masculine)

वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - a large tree, a tree of the forest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanaspati

vanaspati - a large tree (especially one bearing fruit without apparent blossoms), tree of the forest, lord of the forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+pati)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• pati – lord, master, husband, protector
  noun (masculine)