महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-141, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ सर्वशास्त्रविशारद ।
शरणं पालयानस्य यो धर्मस्तं वदस्व मे ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pitāmaha mahāprājña sarvaśāstraviśārada ,
śaraṇaṁ pālayānasya yo dharmastaṁ vadasva me.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha mahāprājña sarvaśāstraviśārada
śaraṇam pālayānasya yaḥ dharmaḥ tam vadasva me

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha mahāprājña sarvaśāstraviśārada
yaḥ śaraṇam pālayānasya dharmaḥ tam me vadasva

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O Grandfather, O greatly wise one, O expert in all scriptures, please tell me the intrinsic nature (dharma) [or 'duty'] of one who protects a refugee.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Referring to Bhīṣma (O grandfather)

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - Referring to Bhīṣma (O very wise one)

• सर्वशास्त्रविशारद (sarvaśāstraviśārada) - Referring to Bhīṣma (O expert in all scriptures)

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, asylum

• पालयानस्य (pālayānasya) - of one who protects

• यः (yaḥ) - which, who

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, natural law, constitution (dharma)

• तम् (tam) - that

• वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell, speak

• मे (me) - to me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name, eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Referring to Bhīṣma (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father), great sire

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - Referring to Bhīṣma (O very wise one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - greatly wise, very discerning

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+prājña)

• mahat – great, large, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
• prājña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)

सर्वशास्त्रविशारद (sarvaśāstraviśārada) - Referring to Bhīṣma (O expert in all scriptures)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sarvaśāstraviśārada

sarvaśāstraviśārada - expert in all scriptures/sciences

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+śāstra+viśārada)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• śāstra – scripture, treatise, science
  noun (neuter)
• viśārada – expert, skilled, proficient
  adjective (masculine)

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, asylum

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, asylum

पालयानस्य (pālayānasya) - of one who protects

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pālayāna

pālayāna - protecting, guarding, preserving

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from the root pāl (to protect) with the -āna suffix for Ātmanepada present participle.

Root: pāl (class 10)

यः (yaḥ) - which, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, natural law, constitution (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, moral law, intrinsic nature, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Also serves as genitive singular