महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-141, verse-12

नैव तस्य सुहृत्कश्चिन्न संबन्धी न बान्धवः ।
स हि तैः संपरित्यक्तस्तेन घोरेण कर्मणा ॥१२॥

12. naiva tasya suhṛtkaścinna saṁbandhī na bāndhavaḥ ,
sa hi taiḥ saṁparityaktastena ghoreṇa karmaṇā.

12. na eva tasya suhṛt kaścit na saṃbandhī na bāndhavaḥ
saḥ hi taiḥ samparityaktaḥ tena ghoreṇa karmaṇā

12. saḥ hi taiḥ ghoreṇa karmaṇā samparityaktaḥ tasya
na eva kaścit suhṛt na saṃbandhī na bāndhavaḥ

12. He has no friend, no relative, and no kinsman. Indeed, he was utterly abandoned by them because of his dreadful action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the negation, 'not at all'. (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

• सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend, well-wisher

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain (person/thing)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• संबन्धी (saṁbandhī) - relative, kinsman by connection

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• बान्धवः (bāndhavaḥ) - kinsman, relative by blood

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the person implied in 'tasya'. (he, that)

• हि (hi) - Provides emphasis, 'indeed'. (indeed, surely, because, for)

• तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the friends, relatives, and kinsmen. (by them)

• सम्परित्यक्तः (samparityaktaḥ) - completely abandoned, forsaken

• तेन (tena) - Refers to the 'ghoreṇa karmaṇā'. (by that, by him)

• घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by terrible, by dreadful, by fierce

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - Refers to the evil action committed by the person. (by action, by deed, by ritual)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the negation, 'not at all'. (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend, well-wisher

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - good-hearted, friend, well-wisher

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain (person/thing)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain

Pronoun formed from interrogative 'kim' + particle 'cid'.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

संबन्धी (saṁbandhī) - relative, kinsman by connection

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃbandhin

saṁbandhin - related, connected; a relative by marriage or distant connection

Derived from 'saṃbandha' + suffix '-in'.

Prefix: sam

Root: bandh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

बान्धवः (bāndhavaḥ) - kinsman, relative by blood

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman, belonging to a family

Derived from 'bandhu' (relative) + suffix '-a'.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the person implied in 'tasya'. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - Provides emphasis, 'indeed'. (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the friends, relatives, and kinsmen. (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सम्परित्यक्तः (samparityaktaḥ) - completely abandoned, forsaken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samparityakta

samparityakta - completely abandoned, forsaken

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pari'.

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

तेन (tena) - Refers to the 'ghoreṇa karmaṇā'. (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'ghoreṇa karmaṇā'.

घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by terrible, by dreadful, by fierce

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, awful

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇā'.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - Refers to the evil action committed by the person. (by action, by deed, by ritual)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)