महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-141, verse-13

स वै क्षारकमादाय द्विजान्हत्वा वने सदा ।
चकार विक्रयं तेषां पतंगानां नराधिप ॥१३॥

13. sa vai kṣārakamādāya dvijānhatvā vane sadā ,
cakāra vikrayaṁ teṣāṁ pataṁgānāṁ narādhipa.

13. saḥ vai kṣārakam ādāya dvijān hatvā vane sadā
cakāra vikrayam teṣām patagānām narādhipa

13. narādhipa saḥ vai kṣārakam ādāya sadā
vane dvijān hatvā teṣām vikrayam cakāra

13. O King (narādhipa), he, indeed, always took a snare, killed birds (dvijān) in the forest, and then sold them.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the person being described (the hunter/fowler). (he, that)

• वै (vai) - Adds emphasis to the statement. (indeed, verily, surely)

• क्षारकम् (kṣārakam) - a snare, a bird-catcher's net

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking, grasping

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - Specifically 'birds' in this context, given 'patagānām' later. (birds, twice-born ones)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, killing

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• चकार (cakāra) - He effected the sale. (he did, he made)

• विक्रयम् (vikrayam) - sale, selling

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the killed birds. (of them, their)

• पतगानाम् (patagānām) - Confirms 'dvijān' refers to birds. (of birds, of winged creatures)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - Vocative, addressing a king or ruler. (O king, O lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the person being described (the hunter/fowler). (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वै (vai) - Adds emphasis to the statement. (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

क्षारकम् (kṣārakam) - a snare, a bird-catcher's net

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣāraka

kṣāraka - a snare, a trap, a bird-catcher's net

Note: Object of 'ādāya'.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking, grasping

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'dā' (to give/take) with prefix 'ā', and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

द्विजान् (dvijān) - Specifically 'birds' in this context, given 'patagānām' later. (birds, twice-born ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth, a snake)

Compound 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jan – to be born, produce
  root
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'hatvā'.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, killing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: han (class 2)

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

चकार (cakāra) - He effected the sale. (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Active

Root 'kṛ' (class 8), perfect form.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विक्रयम् (vikrayam) - sale, selling

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vikraya

vikraya - sale, selling, barter

Derived from root 'krī' (to buy) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: krī (class 9)

Note: Object of 'cakāra'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the killed birds. (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पतगानाम् (patagānām) - Confirms 'dvijān' refers to birds. (of birds, of winged creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pataga

pataga - bird, winged creature (lit. 'sky-goer')

Compound 'pat' (to fly) + 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pat+ga)

• pat – to fly, fall
  root
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ga – going, moving, mover
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-a'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - Vocative, addressing a king or ruler. (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound 'nara' (man) + 'adhipa' (ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' (over) + root 'pā' (to protect/rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)