महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-115, verse-4

टिट्टिभं तमुपेक्षेत वाशमानमिवातुरम् ।
लोकविद्वेषमापन्नो निष्फलं प्रतिपद्यते ॥४॥

4. ṭiṭṭibhaṁ tamupekṣeta vāśamānamivāturam ,
lokavidveṣamāpanno niṣphalaṁ pratipadyate.

4. tiṭṭibham tam upekṣeta vāśamānam iva āturam
lokavidveṣam āpannaḥ niṣphalam pratipadyate

4. tam vāśamānam āturam tiṭṭibham iva upekṣeta
lokavidveṣam āpannaḥ niṣphalam pratipadyate

4. One should disregard such a person as if he were a crying, distressed lapwing. Having incurred the hatred of people, he gains nothing fruitful.

Words meanings summery:

• तिट्टिभम् (tiṭṭibham) - lapwing (a bird)

• तम् (tam) - the foolish/angry person from previous verses (him, that (masculine))

• उपेक्षेत (upekṣeta) - one should disregard, ignore, neglect

• वाशमानम् (vāśamānam) - crying, wailing, shrieking

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• आतुरम् (āturam) - sick, distressed, afflicted

• लोकविद्वेषम् (lokavidveṣam) - public hatred, hatred of people

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having obtained, having incurred, having reached

• निष्फलम् (niṣphalam) - fruitless, useless, ineffectual

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - obtains, achieves, experiences

Words meanings and morphology

तिट्टिभम् (tiṭṭibham) - lapwing (a bird)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tiṭṭibha

tiṭṭibha - lapwing, a kind of bird

Note: Object of comparison.

तम् (tam) - the foolish/angry person from previous verses (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `upekṣeta`.

उपेक्षेत (upekṣeta) - one should disregard, ignore, neglect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of upa-īkṣ

Optative Middle

Optative 3rd person singular middle ātmanepada with prefix `upa`

Prefix: upa

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Implies a general recommendation.

वाशमानम् (vāśamānam) - crying, wailing, shrieking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāśamāna

vāśamāna - crying, wailing, making a noise

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle from `vāś`, accusative singular masculine

Root: vāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tiṭṭibham` and `āturam`.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

आतुरम् (āturam) - sick, distressed, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - sick, ill, distressed, afflicted

accusative singular masculine

Root: tur (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tiṭṭibham` and `vāśamānam`.

लोकविद्वेषम् (lokavidveṣam) - public hatred, hatred of people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lokavidveṣa

lokavidveṣa - hatred of people, public enmity, unpopularity

accusative singular masculine/neuter

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+vidveṣa)

• loka – people, world
  noun (masculine)
• vidveṣa – hatred, enmity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Object of `āpannaḥ`.

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having obtained, having incurred, having reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, incurred, reached, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from `ā-pad`, nominative singular masculine

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Acts as the subject of `pratipadyate`.

निष्फलम् (niṣphalam) - fruitless, useless, ineffectual

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niṣphala

niṣphala - fruitless, useless, without result

accusative singular neuter

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+phala)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  prefix
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied object, such as `kāryam` (deed) or `phalam` (result).

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - obtains, achieves, experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prati-pad

Present Middle

Present 3rd person singular middle ātmanepada with prefix `prati`

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)