महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-115, verse-20

विगर्हणां परमदुरात्मना कृतां सहेत यः संसदि दुर्जनान्नरः ।
पठेदिदं चापि निदर्शनं सदा न वाङ्मयं स लभति किंचिदप्रियम् ॥२०॥

20. vigarhaṇāṁ paramadurātmanā kṛtāṁ; saheta yaḥ saṁsadi durjanānnaraḥ ,
paṭhedidaṁ cāpi nidarśanaṁ sadā; na vāṅmayaṁ sa labhati kiṁcidapriyam.

20. vigarhaṇām paramadurātmanā kṛtām
saheta yaḥ saṃsadi durjanāt naraḥ |
paṭhet idam ca api nidarśanam sadā na
vāṅmayam saḥ labhati kiṃcit apriyam

20. yaḥ naraḥ saṃsadi durjanāt paramadurātmanā kṛtām vigarhaṇām saheta,
ca api idam nidarśanam sadā paṭhet,
saḥ kiṃcit apriyam vāṅmayam na labhati.

20. The man who, in an assembly, endures even from a wicked person the condemnation made by an extremely evil individual (ātman), and who always recites this example, he does not encounter any disagreeable speech.

Words meanings summery:

• विगर्हणाम् (vigarhaṇām) - condemnation, censure, blame

• परमदुरात्मना (paramadurātmanā) - by an extremely wicked person, by a supremely evil soul

• कृताम् (kṛtām) - made, done, performed

• सहेत (saheta) - he should bear, he should endure

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

• संसदि (saṁsadi) - in an assembly, in a gathering, in a council

• दुर्जनात् (durjanāt) - even from a wicked person (implies enduring censure that might come from such a source) (from a wicked person, due to a wicked person)

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• पठेत् (paṭhet) - he should read, he should recite, he would study

• इदम् (idam) - this

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, proof

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• न (na) - not, no

• वाङ्मयम् (vāṅmayam) - speech (as in, unpleasant speech) (verbal, consisting of words, speech, literature)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• लभति (labhati) - he encounters (disagreeable speech) (he obtains, he gets, he receives)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - any, something, a little

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Words meanings and morphology

विगर्हणाम् (vigarhaṇām) - condemnation, censure, blame

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vigarhaṇā

vigarhaṇā - condemnation, censure, blame, reproach

From vi + root √garh (to blame) + ana suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: √garh (class 1)

परमदुरात्मना (paramadurātmanā) - by an extremely wicked person, by a supremely evil soul

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paramadurātman

paramadurātman - extremely wicked, supremely evil, a person with a very bad nature (ātman)

Karmadhāraya or Tatpurusha compound: parama (supreme, extreme) + durātman (wicked soul).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (parama+durātman)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• durātman – wicked soul, evil-minded, vile person (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: dur

Note: Agent of kṛtām.

कृताम् (kṛtām) - made, done, performed

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed, finished

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make, class 8) + kta suffix.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

सहेत (saheta) - he should bear, he should endure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (Liṅ) of √sah

Optative middle 3rd person singular

From root √sah (class 1).

Root: √sah (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

संसदि (saṁsadi) - in an assembly, in a gathering, in a council

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃsad

saṁsad - assembly, gathering, council, court

From sam + √sad (to sit, class 1).

Prefix: sam

Root: √sad (class 1)

दुर्जनात् (durjanāt) - even from a wicked person (implies enduring censure that might come from such a source) (from a wicked person, due to a wicked person)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of durjana

durjana - wicked person, evil man, bad person

Tatpurusha compound: dur (bad, difficult) + jana (person).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dur+jana)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  prefix
• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born).
  Root: √jan (class 4)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

पठेत् (paṭhet) - he should read, he should recite, he would study

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of √paṭh

Optative active 3rd person singular

From root √paṭh (class 1).

Root: √paṭh (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphatic particle, or conjunction.

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, proof

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - example, illustration, proof, evidence, teaching

From ni + √dṛś (to see, perceive, class 1) + ana suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Adverb of time.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates labhati.

वाङ्मयम् (vāṅmayam) - speech (as in, unpleasant speech) (verbal, consisting of words, speech, literature)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāṅmaya

vāṅmaya - consisting of words, verbal, eloquent; speech, literature

From vāc (speech) + mayaṭ suffix.

Note: Object of labhati.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

लभति (labhati) - he encounters (disagreeable speech) (he obtains, he gets, he receives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of √labh

Present active 3rd person singular

From root √labh (class 1).

Root: √labh (class 1)

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - any, something, a little

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiṃcit

kiṁcit - any, something, a little, whatever

Indeclinable form of kim + cid.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, hateful, hostile

Negative compound na + priya (dear, pleasing).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √prī (to please).
  Root: √prī (class 9)