महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-115, verse-19

क्रुद्धो दशार्धेन हि ताडयेद्वा स पांसुभिर्वापकिरेत्तुषैर्वा ।
विवृत्य दन्तांश्च विभीषयेद्वा सिद्धं हि मूर्खे कुपिते नृशंसे ॥१९॥

19. kruddho daśārdhena hi tāḍayedvā; sa pāṁsubhirvāpakirettuṣairvā ,
vivṛtya dantāṁśca vibhīṣayedvā; siddhaṁ hi mūrkhe kupite nṛśaṁse.

19. kruddhaḥ daśārdhena hi tāḍayet vā
saḥ pāṃsubhiḥ vā apakiret tuṣaiḥ vā
| vivṛtya dantān ca vibhīṣayet vā
siddham hi mūrkhe kupite nṛśaṃse

19. kruddhaḥ saḥ hi daśārdhena tāḍayet vā,
pāṃsubhiḥ vā tuṣaiḥ vā apakiret,
ca dantān vivṛtya vā vibhīṣayet.
mūrkhe nṛśaṃse kupite hi (kim) siddham (asti)?

19. Indeed, an enraged person might strike with five (fingers), or he might scatter dust or husks, or bare his teeth and try to frighten you. For truly, nothing is gained when a cruel, foolish individual becomes angry.

Words meanings summery:

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• दशार्धेन (daśārdhena) - with five (fingers/blows) (with half of ten (i.e., five))

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• ताडयेत् (tāḍayet) - one should strike, he would strike

• वा (vā) - or

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• पांसुभिः (pāṁsubhiḥ) - with dust

• वा (vā) - or

• अपकिरेत् (apakiret) - he should scatter, he would throw

• तुषैः (tuṣaiḥ) - with husks, with chaff

• वा (vā) - or

• विवृत्य (vivṛtya) - having opened, having bared, having uncovered

• दन्तान् (dantān) - teeth

• च (ca) - and, also

• विभीषयेत् (vibhīṣayet) - one should frighten, he would scare

• वा (vā) - or

• सिद्धम् (siddham) - "what is gained" (implying nothing) (accomplished, perfected, gained, succeeded)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• मूर्खे (mūrkhe) - in a fool, towards a fool, when a fool

• कुपिते (kupite) - when angered, having become angry

• नृशंसे (nṛśaṁse) - in a cruel person, towards a cruel person, when a cruel person

Words meanings and morphology

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root √krudh (class 4) + kta suffix.

Root: √krudh (class 4)

दशार्धेन (daśārdhena) - with five (fingers/blows) (with half of ten (i.e., five))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of daśārdha

daśārdha - half of ten, five

Tatpurusha compound: daśasya ardham (half of ten).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (daśa+ardha)

• daśa – ten
  numeral (neuter)
• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

ताडयेत् (tāḍayet) - one should strike, he would strike

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of √tāḍ

Optative active 3rd person singular

From root √tāḍ (class 10 or denominative).

Root: √taḍ (class 10)

Note: Expresses possibility or advice.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

पांसुभिः (pāṁsubhiḥ) - with dust

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṃsu

pāṁsu - dust, sand, powder

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपकिरेत् (apakiret) - he should scatter, he would throw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of √apakir

Optative active 3rd person singular

From apa + √kṛ (to scatter, class 6).

Prefix: apa

Root: √kṛ (class 6)

तुषैः (tuṣaiḥ) - with husks, with chaff

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tuṣa

tuṣa - husk, chaff, bran

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

विवृत्य (vivṛtya) - having opened, having bared, having uncovered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from vi + √vṛ (to open, uncover, class 5 or 9) with lyap suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: √vṛ (class 5)

दन्तान् (dantān) - teeth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of danta

danta - tooth, tusk, ivory

From root √dam (to tame) or related to √daṃś (to bite).

Note: Object of vivṛtya.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विभीषयेत् (vibhīṣayet) - one should frighten, he would scare

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of √vibhīṣ

Optative active 3rd person singular (Causative)

From vi + √bhī (class 3) with causative suffix ṇic and optative ending.

Prefix: vi

Root: √bhī (class 3)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

सिद्धम् (siddham) - "what is gained" (implying nothing) (accomplished, perfected, gained, succeeded)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of siddha

siddha - accomplished, achieved, perfected, successful, ready

Past Passive Participle

From root √sidh (to accomplish, succeed, class 4) + kta suffix.

Root: √sidh (class 4)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

मूर्खे (mūrkhe) - in a fool, towards a fool, when a fool

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - fool, foolish, stupid, ignorant

From root √murch (to become faint, bewildered).

Root: √murch (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

कुपिते (kupite) - when angered, having become angry

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - angered, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root √kup (to be angry, class 4) + kta suffix.

Root: √kup (class 4)

नृशंसे (nṛśaṁse) - in a cruel person, towards a cruel person, when a cruel person

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, savage, wicked, mischievous

From nṛ (man) + śaṃsa (cursing, wishing evil).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nṛ+śaṃsa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śaṃsa – praise, eulogy; malediction, curse, wishing evil
  noun (masculine)
  From root √śaṃs (to praise, to curse).
  Root: √śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mūrkhe.