महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-115, verse-14

परिवादं ब्रुवाणो हि दुरात्मा वै महात्मने ।
प्रकाशयति दोषान्स्वान्सर्पः फणमिवोच्छ्रितम् ॥१४॥

14. parivādaṁ bruvāṇo hi durātmā vai mahātmane ,
prakāśayati doṣānsvānsarpaḥ phaṇamivocchritam.

14. parivādam bruvāṇaḥ hi durātmā vai mahātmane
prakāśayati doṣān svān sarpaḥ phaṇam iva utśritam

14. durātmā hi vai mahātmane parivādam bruvāṇaḥ svān doṣān prakāśayati,
sarpaḥ utśritam phaṇam iva

14. Indeed, an evil-minded person (durātman), by speaking ill of a great soul (mahātman), certainly reveals his own faults, just as a snake (reveals) its raised hood.

Words meanings summery:

• परिवादम् (parivādam) - defamation, slander, calumny, evil-speaking

• ब्रुवाणः (bruvāṇaḥ) - speaking, saying, proclaiming

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because, for

• दुरात्मा (durātmā) - an evil-minded person, a wicked soul

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly, surely

• महात्मने (mahātmane) - to a great soul, to a noble person

• प्रकाशयति (prakāśayati) - reveals, makes manifest, illuminates, discloses

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, shortcomings, vices

• स्वान् (svān) - own, his own

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a snake

• फणम् (phaṇam) - hood (of a snake)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उत्श्रितम् (utśritam) - raised, elevated, lifted up

Words meanings and morphology

परिवादम् (parivādam) - defamation, slander, calumny, evil-speaking

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivāda

parivāda - defamation, blame, censure, abuse, evil-speaking

Derived from pari-vad (to speak against) with suffix ghañ.

Prefix: pari

Root: vad (class 1)

ब्रुवाणः (bruvāṇaḥ) - speaking, saying, proclaiming

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, telling, saying

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root brū (to speak), with śānac suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because, for

(indeclinable)

दुरात्मा (durātmā) - an evil-minded person, a wicked soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious, bad soul (ātman)

Compound dur (bad) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix/indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

महात्मने (mahātmane) - to a great soul, to a noble person

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, a great person, a great soul (ātman)

Compound mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

प्रकाशयति (prakāśayati) - reveals, makes manifest, illuminates, discloses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prakāś

Causal form or 10th class verb

From pra-kāś (to shine). Causal sense 'makes shine' or 'reveals'.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, shortcomings, vices

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, vice, error

From root duṣ (to be bad).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

स्वान् (svān) - own, his own

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

From root sṛp (to creep, crawl).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

फणम् (phaṇam) - hood (of a snake)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine/neuter, singular of phaṇa

phaṇa - hood of a snake

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison or similitude.

उत्श्रितम् (utśritam) - raised, elevated, lifted up

(participle)

Accusative, masculine/neuter, singular of utśrita

utśrita - raised, elevated, lifted, high, proud

Past Passive Participle

From ud (up) + root śri (to resort, depend on; also implies raising).

Prefix: ud

Root: śri (class 1)