महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-115, verse-11

प्रत्यक्षं गुणवादी यः परोक्षं तु विनिन्दकः ।
स मानवः श्ववल्लोके नष्टलोकपरायणः ॥११॥

11. pratyakṣaṁ guṇavādī yaḥ parokṣaṁ tu vinindakaḥ ,
sa mānavaḥ śvavalloke naṣṭalokaparāyaṇaḥ.

11. pratyakṣam guṇavādī yaḥ parokṣam tu vinindakaḥ
sa mānavaḥ śvavat loke naṣṭalokaparāyaṇaḥ

11. yaḥ pratyakṣam guṇavādī (asti) tu parokṣam vinindakaḥ (asti),
sa mānavaḥ loke śvavat naṣṭalokaparāyaṇaḥ (bhavati)

11. That person who speaks well of one directly (in their presence) but criticizes them behind their back (in their absence) is like a dog in this world, having lost their way in life.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - in someone's presence (directly, in presence, visibly)

• गुणवादी (guṇavādī) - one who speaks well (of someone) (one who speaks of merits, eulogist, flatterer)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - in someone's absence (behind the back, in absence, invisibly)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• विनिन्दकः (vinindakaḥ) - one who criticizes (one who blames, slanderer, critic)

• स (sa) - he, that

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, person

• श्ववत् (śvavat) - like a dog, dog-like

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in society

• नष्टलोकपरायणः (naṣṭalokaparāyaṇaḥ) - having lost their way in life (one whose aim in life is lost, having lost direction)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - in someone's presence (directly, in presence, visibly)

(indeclinable)

गुणवादी (guṇavādī) - one who speaks well (of someone) (one who speaks of merits, eulogist, flatterer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇavādin

guṇavādin - speaking of merits, praising, eulogizing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+vādin)

• guṇa – quality, merit, virtue, rope
  noun (masculine)
• vādin – speaking, saying, proponent
  adjective (masculine)
  root 'vad' (to speak) + suffix '-in'
  Root: vad (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: relative pronoun

परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - in someone's absence (behind the back, in absence, invisibly)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: particle indicating contrast

विनिन्दकः (vinindakaḥ) - one who criticizes (one who blames, slanderer, critic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinindaka

vinindaka - blaming, censorious, slanderer

prefix 'vi-' + root 'nind' (to blame) + suffix '-aka'

Prefix: vi

Root: nind (class 1)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human, belonging to Man, descendant of Manu

श्ववत् (śvavat) - like a dog, dog-like

(indeclinable)

stem 'śvan' (dog) + suffix '-vat' (like)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in society

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, society

नष्टलोकपरायणः (naṣṭalokaparāyaṇaḥ) - having lost their way in life (one whose aim in life is lost, having lost direction)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naṣṭalokaparāyaṇa

naṣṭalokaparāyaṇa - one who has lost his way or goal in life

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+loka+parāyaṇa)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, ruined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  root 'naś' (to perish, be lost) + suffix '-ta' (PPP)
  Root: naś (class 4)
• loka – world, realm, people, life
  noun (masculine)
• parāyaṇa – goal, aim, chief object, refuge
  noun (neuter)