महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-115, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
विद्वान्मूर्खप्रगल्भेन मृदुस्तीक्ष्णेन भारत ।
आक्रुश्यमानः सदसि कथं कुर्यादरिंदम ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
vidvānmūrkhapragalbhena mṛdustīkṣṇena bhārata ,
ākruśyamānaḥ sadasi kathaṁ kuryādariṁdama.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca vidvān mūrkhapegalbhena mṛduḥ tīkṣṇena
bhārata ākruśyamānaḥ sadasi katham kuryāt ariṃdama

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
bhārata,
ariṃdama,
sadasi mūrkhapegalbhena tīkṣṇena ākruśyamānaḥ vidvān mṛduḥ katham kuryāt?

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O Bhārata, O vanquisher of foes, how should a wise and gentle man conduct himself in an assembly when he is being reviled by a foolish, arrogant, and harsh person?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person (knowing, learned, wise; a learned person)

• मूर्खपेगल्भेन (mūrkhapegalbhena) - by a foolish, arrogant (person) (by a foolish and arrogant person)

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - a gentle person (implied substantive) (soft, gentle, mild)

• तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - by a harsh (person) (by a sharp, by a harsh, by an intense one)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra, or perhaps Vidura/Sañjaya) (O descendant of Bharata (epithet for kings))

• आक्रुश्यमानः (ākruśyamānaḥ) - being insulted, being reviled (being reviled, being insulted, being abused)

• सदसि (sadasi) - in an assembly (in an assembly, in a court)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should act, should conduct himself (should do, should make, should act)

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O vanquisher of foes (addressing someone capable of subduing enemies) (O subduer of enemies, O vanquisher of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  locative of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (Liṭ), Parasmaipada

Root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person (knowing, learned, wise; a learned person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, learned, wise; a wise man, scholar

Perfect Active Participle

from vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

मूर्खपेगल्भेन (mūrkhapegalbhena) - by a foolish, arrogant (person) (by a foolish and arrogant person)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūrkhapegalbha

mūrkhapegalbha - foolish and arrogant

Compound type : dvandva (mūrkha+pragalbha)

• mūrkha – foolish, stupid; a fool
  noun (masculine)
• pragalbha – bold, arrogant, impudent, confident
  adjective (masculine)
  from pra- + galbh (to be bold)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: galbh (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'ākruśyamānaḥ'.

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - a gentle person (implied substantive) (soft, gentle, mild)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, tender, gentle, mild, weak

Note: Agrees with 'vidvān'.

तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - by a harsh (person) (by a sharp, by a harsh, by an intense one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, harsh, severe, hot, intense

Note: Agrees with 'mūrkhapegalbhena'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra, or perhaps Vidura/Sañjaya) (O descendant of Bharata (epithet for kings))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Note: Addressing someone in the Bhārata lineage.

आक्रुश्यमानः (ākruśyamānaḥ) - being insulted, being reviled (being reviled, being insulted, being abused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākruśyamāna

ākruśyamāna - being reviled, being abused, being insulted

Present Passive Participle

from ā- + kruś (to call out, yell at)

Prefix: ā

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vidvān' and 'mṛduḥ'.

सदसि (sadasi) - in an assembly (in an assembly, in a court)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sadas

sadas - assembly, session, court, place of meeting

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should act, should conduct himself (should do, should make, should act)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

Optative mood, Parasmaipada

Root kṛ (class 8)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O vanquisher of foes (addressing someone capable of subduing enemies) (O subduer of enemies, O vanquisher of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing, self-control
  noun (masculine)
  from dam (to tame, subdue)
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Addressing someone capable of subduing enemies.