महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-113, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
हन्त तेऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु कार्यैकनिश्चयम् ।
यथा राज्ञेह कर्तव्यं यच्च कृत्वा सुखी भवेत् ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
hanta te'haṁ pravakṣyāmi śṛṇu kāryaikaniścayam ,
yathā rājñeha kartavyaṁ yacca kṛtvā sukhī bhavet.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta te aham pravakṣyāmi śṛṇu kāryaikaniścayam
yathā rājñā iha kartavyam yat ca kṛtvā sukhī bhavet

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta aham te pravakṣyāmi yathā rājñā iha
kartavyam ca yat kṛtvā sukhī bhavet kāryaikaniścayam śṛṇu

2. Bhishma said: Indeed, I will tell you; listen to this definitive decision regarding duty: what should be done by a king here, and by doing which one becomes happy.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हन्त (hanta) - indeed, oh! (exclamatory particle)

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• अहम् (aham) - I

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will explain

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• कार्यैकनिश्चयम् (kāryaikaniścayam) - the definitive decision concerning duty, the sole determination regarding action

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, what

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - what should be done, duty

• यत् (yat) - which, what (refers to the action)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

• सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful, content

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhishma (proper noun)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Root vac, class 2, Perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

हन्त (hanta) - indeed, oh! (exclamatory particle)

(indeclinable)

Exclamatory particle

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Second person pronoun

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I

First person pronoun

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will explain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future tense

Root vac, class 2, Future 1st person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative mood

Root śru, class 5, Imperative 2nd person singular

Root: śru (class 5)

कार्यैकनिश्चयम् (kāryaikaniścayam) - the definitive decision concerning duty, the sole determination regarding action

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāryaikaniścaya

kāryaikaniścaya - sole determination concerning duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārya+eka+niścaya)

• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From kṛ with suffix -ya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• eka – one, sole, singular
  numeral
• niścaya – certainty, determination, conviction, decision
  noun (masculine)
  From ni-ci
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, what

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - what should be done, duty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive

Formed from root kṛ with suffix -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - which, what (refers to the action)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the action implied by kṛtvā

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful, content

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, having happiness

Nominal derivative from sukha

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood

Root bhū, class 1, Optative 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)