महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-113, verse-13

यदा त्वबुध्यतात्मानं भक्ष्यमाणं स वै पशुः ।
तदा संकोचने यत्नमकरोद्भृशदुःखितः ॥१३॥

13. yadā tvabudhyatātmānaṁ bhakṣyamāṇaṁ sa vai paśuḥ ,
tadā saṁkocane yatnamakarodbhṛśaduḥkhitaḥ.

13. yadā tu abudhyata ātmānam bhakṣyamāṇam saḥ vai
paśuḥ tadā saṃkocane yatnam akarot bhṛśaduḥkhitaḥ

13. yadā saḥ paśuḥ ātmānam bhakṣyamāṇam abudhyata
tadā bhṛśaduḥkhitaḥ saṃkocane yatnam akarot

13. When that animal (paśu) realized that he himself was being eaten, then, greatly distressed, he made an effort to shrink.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• तु (tu) - Often used for emphasis or transition, sometimes untranslated for natural flow. (indeed, but, however)

• अबुध्यत (abudhyata) - he knew, he understood, he realized

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - self, soul, himself

• भक्ष्यमाणम् (bhakṣyamāṇam) - being eaten, while being eaten

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the animal (camel). (he, that)

• वै (vai) - Emphatic particle, often untranslated in modern English. (indeed, certainly)

• पशुः (paśuḥ) - Refers to the camel. (animal, beast, cattle)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• संकोचने (saṁkocane) - in the act of shrinking its body/neck. (in shrinking, in contracting, in drawing in)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, exertion, endeavor

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he made

• भृशदुःखितः (bhṛśaduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed, intensely sorrowful

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - Often used for emphasis or transition, sometimes untranslated for natural flow. (indeed, but, however)

(indeclinable)

अबुध्यत (abudhyata) - he knew, he understood, he realized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of budh

Imperfect Middle Voice

3rd person singular, ātmanepada, root budh (4th class)

Root: budh (class 4)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - self, soul, himself

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, individual soul, the Supreme Soul

Note: Refers to the animal's own self.

भक्ष्यमाणम् (bhakṣyamāṇam) - being eaten, while being eaten

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhakṣyamāṇa

bhakṣyamāṇa - being eaten, in the process of being devoured

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the desiderative stem of √bhakṣ (to eat) with the suffix -māṇa.

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `ātmānam`.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the animal (camel). (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of `tad`.

वै (vai) - Emphatic particle, often untranslated in modern English. (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

पशुः (paśuḥ) - Refers to the camel. (animal, beast, cattle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśu

paśu - animal, beast, cattle

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

संकोचने (saṁkocane) - in the act of shrinking its body/neck. (in shrinking, in contracting, in drawing in)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkocana

saṁkocana - shrinking, contraction, drawing in, reducing

Prefix: sam

Root: kuc (class 1)

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, exertion, endeavor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect Active Voice

3rd person singular, parasmaipada, root kṛ (8th class)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भृशदुःखितः (bhṛśaduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed, intensely sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśaduḥkhita

bhṛśaduḥkhita - greatly distressed, intensely sorrowful

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛśa+duḥkhita)

• bhṛśa – greatly, intensely, much
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, grieved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √duḥkh (to suffer)
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Qualifies the implicit subject (the animal).