महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-113, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं पार्थिवेन कर्तव्यं किं च कृत्वा सुखी भवेत् ।
तन्ममाचक्ष्व तत्त्वेन सर्वं धर्मभृतां वर ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ pārthivena kartavyaṁ kiṁ ca kṛtvā sukhī bhavet ,
tanmamācakṣva tattvena sarvaṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ vara.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim pārthivena kartavyam kim ca kṛtvā sukhī
bhavet tat mama ācakṣva tattvena sarvam dharmabhṛtām vara

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he dharmabhṛtām
vara pārthivena kim kartavyam
ca kim kṛtvā sukhī bhavet
tat sarvam tattvena mama ācakṣva

1. Yudhishthira said: What should be done by a king, and by doing what does one become happy? O best among those who uphold natural law (dharma), tell me all that truly.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• पार्थिवेन (pārthivena) - by a king, by an earthly ruler

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - what should be done, duty

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

• सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful, content

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

• तत् (tat) - that, this, all that

• मम (mama) - to me, for me, my

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in reality, in essence

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among those who uphold natural law

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Root vac, class 2, Perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun

पार्थिवेन (pārthivena) - by a king, by an earthly ruler

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal; a king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - what should be done, duty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive

Formed from root kṛ with suffix -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful, content

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, having happiness

Nominal derivative from sukha

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood

Root bhū, class 1, Optative 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, this, all that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

मम (mama) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I

First person pronoun

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative mood

Root cakṣ, class 2, Imperative 2nd person singular, Middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in reality, in essence

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Universal pronoun/adjective

Note: Modifies 'tat'

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among those who uphold natural law

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholding natural law (dharma), one who sustains natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior; a boon, blessing

Root: vṛ (class 9)