महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-110, verse-8

किमाश्चर्यं च यन्मूढो धर्मकामोऽप्यधर्मवित् ।
सुमहत्प्राप्नुयात्पापं गङ्गायामिव कौशिकः ॥८॥

8. kimāścaryaṁ ca yanmūḍho dharmakāmo'pyadharmavit ,
sumahatprāpnuyātpāpaṁ gaṅgāyāmiva kauśikaḥ.

8. kim āścaryam ca yat mūḍhaḥ dharmakāmaḥ api adharmavit
sumahat prāpnuyāt pāpam gaṅgāyām iva kauśikaḥ

8. ca kim āścaryam yat mūḍhaḥ dharmakāmaḥ api adharmavit
sumahat prāpnuyāt pāpam gaṅgāyām iva kauśikaḥ

8. And what surprise is it that a foolish person, even though desiring righteousness (dharma), yet ignorant of it, may incur a great sin, just like Kauśika did in the Gaṅgā?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun) (what, why, whether)

• आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder (wonder, surprise, astonishment)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction introducing a clause) (that (relative pronoun), that (conjunction))

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - a foolish person (foolish, bewildered, ignorant)

• धर्मकामः (dharmakāmaḥ) - desirous of righteousness (dharma) (desirous of dharma, wishing for righteousness)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, although)

• अधर्मवित् (adharmavit) - ignorant of righteousness (ignorant of dharma, not knowing righteousness)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - great (very great, immense)

• प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may incur (attain) (may attain, should attain, might obtain)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil, bad deed, wickedness)

• गङ्गायाम् (gaṅgāyām) - in the Gaṅgā (in the Gaṅgā (Ganges river))

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kauśika (Kauśika (proper name), an owl)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun) (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Acts as the subject for `āścaryam`.

आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder (wonder, surprise, astonishment)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āścarya

āścarya - wonder, surprise, astonishing

Note: Predicate nominative for an implied 'is'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction introducing a clause) (that (relative pronoun), that (conjunction))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that (relative pronoun), that (conjunction)

Note: Introduces the clause explaining the wonder.

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - a foolish person (foolish, bewildered, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, bewildered, ignorant, stupefied

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the clause.

धर्मकामः (dharmakāmaḥ) - desirous of righteousness (dharma) (desirous of dharma, wishing for righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmakāma

dharmakāma - desirous of dharma, wishing for righteousness

Compound of dharma (righteousness) and kāma (desire)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+kāma)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `mūḍhaḥ`.

अपि (api) - even though (even, although)

(indeclinable)

Note: Concessive particle.

अधर्मवित् (adharmavit) - ignorant of righteousness (ignorant of dharma, not knowing righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharmavit

adharmavit - ignorant of dharma, not knowing righteousness, unrighteous

Compound of adharma (unrighteousness) and vit (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adharma+vid)

• adharma – unrighteousness, unholy conduct, injustice
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of dharma (righteousness)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `mūḍhaḥ`.

सुमहत् (sumahat) - great (very great, immense)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, excellent

Compound of su- (very) and mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, excellent, very
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `pāpam`.

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may incur (attain) (may attain, should attain, might obtain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āp

Optative Active

5th class verb, Optative Active, parasmaipada, with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (sin, evil, bad deed, wickedness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, bad deed, wicked, mischievous

Note: Object of `prāpnuyāt`.

गङ्गायाम् (gaṅgāyām) - in the Gaṅgā (in the Gaṅgā (Ganges river))

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganges

Note: Denotes location.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kauśika (Kauśika (proper name), an owl)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - name of Viśvāmitra, a sage, an owl