महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-110, verse-16

न च तेभ्यो धनं देयं शक्ये सति कथंचन ।
पापेभ्यो हि धनं दत्तं दातारमपि पीडयेत् ॥१६॥

16. na ca tebhyo dhanaṁ deyaṁ śakye sati kathaṁcana ,
pāpebhyo hi dhanaṁ dattaṁ dātāramapi pīḍayet.

16. na ca tebhyaḥ dhanam deyam śakye sati kathaṃcana
pāpebhyaḥ hi dhanam dattam dātāram api pīḍayet

16. ca śakye sati,
kathaṃcana tebhyaḥ dhanam na deyam.
hi pāpebhyaḥ dattam dhanam api dātāram pīḍayet.

16. And certainly, wealth should not be given to those [sinful people] under any circumstances if it is possible [to avoid it]. For wealth given to sinful people will indeed cause suffering even to the giver.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to those (sinful people, implied from context of previous verse or general discourse) (to them)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, money

• देयम् (deyam) - should be given (to be given, suitable for giving, ought to be given)

• शक्ये (śakye) - when it is possible (to avoid giving) (when it is possible, if possible)

• सति (sati) - if it is, when it is (used in locative absolute) (being, existing)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - under any circumstances (with 'na') (by some means, somehow; (with negation) by no means, not at all)

• पापेभ्यः (pāpebhyaḥ) - to sinful people (to wicked/sinful people)

• हि (hi) - for, because (indeed, certainly, for)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, money

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given, presented

• दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver, the donor

• अपि (api) - even (the giver) (also, even, too)

• पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - it will cause suffering (it should afflict, it would harm)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to those (sinful people, implied from context of previous verse or general discourse) (to them)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to "pāpaiḥ" (sinful people) in the context.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, money

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root 'dhā' (to place, to hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Here, nominative for 'deyam'.

देयम् (deyam) - should be given (to be given, suitable for giving, ought to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, fit to be given, due

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root 'dā' (to give) with suffix '-ya'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Functions as a predicate, implying obligation.

शक्ये (śakye) - when it is possible (to avoid giving) (when it is possible, if possible)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, able, fit

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root 'śak' (to be able) with suffix '-ya'.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction "śakye sati" (when it being possible).

सति (sati) - if it is, when it is (used in locative absolute) (being, existing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, true, good, real

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be), present participle.

Root: as (class 2)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - under any circumstances (with 'na') (by some means, somehow; (with negation) by no means, not at all)

(indeclinable)

From 'katham' (how) + 'cana' (particle for emphasis/indefiniteness). With 'na', it means "by no means".

पापेभ्यः (pāpebhyaḥ) - to sinful people (to wicked/sinful people)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful, sin, bad

हि (hi) - for, because (indeed, certainly, for)

(indeclinable)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, money

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root 'dhā' (to place, to hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

दत्तम् (dattam) - given, presented

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dā' (to give) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'dhanam'.

दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver, the donor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower

agent noun

From root 'dā' (to give) with suffix '-tṛ'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'pīḍayet'.

अपि (api) - even (the giver) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - it will cause suffering (it should afflict, it would harm)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pīḍ

optative mood, 3rd person singular

Parasmaipada, Present tense, Optative mood.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)