महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-110, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं धर्मे स्थातुमिच्छन्नरो वर्तेत भारत ।
विद्वञ्जिज्ञासमानाय प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ dharme sthātumicchannaro varteta bhārata ,
vidvañjijñāsamānāya prabrūhi bharatarṣabha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kathaṃ dharme sthātum icchan naraḥ
varteta bhārata vidvan jijñāsamānāya prabrūhi bharatarṣabha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhārata bharatarṣabha vidvan dharme
sthātum icchan naraḥ kathaṃ varteta jijñāsamānāya prabrūhi

1. Yudhishthira said: "O Bharata, how should a person, desiring to abide by the natural law (dharma), conduct himself? O learned one, O best of the Bharatas, please explain this to me, an inquirer."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how? in what manner?

• धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma), in duty, in righteousness

• स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand, to remain, to abide

• इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• वर्तेत (varteta) - he should act, he should behave, he should exist

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

• विद्वन् (vidvan) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O learned one, O wise one)

• जिज्ञासमानाय (jijñāsamānāya) - Refers to Yudhishthira himself. (to one desiring to know, to an inquirer)

• प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - declare, explain, tell

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pandava brother

from yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac; Perfect 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma), in duty, in righteousness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom (dharma)

from root dhṛ

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand, to remain, to abide

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

root sthā + tumun suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of icchā

iṣ - to wish, desire, seek

Present Active Participle

from root iṣ, 6th class, P.P. - icchati

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `naraḥ`.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

Note: Subject of `varteta`.

वर्तेत (varteta) - he should act, he should behave, he should exist

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

Optative Middle

root vṛt; 1st class, Ā.P. - vartate

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, a king of the Bharata dynasty

विद्वन् (vidvan) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O learned one, O wise one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - learned, wise, knowing

Present Active Participle

from root vid (to know); Perfect Participle used as Present

Root: vid (class 2)

जिज्ञासमानाय (jijñāsamānāya) - Refers to Yudhishthira himself. (to one desiring to know, to an inquirer)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of jijñāsamāna

jijñāsamāna - desiring to know, inquiring, curious

Present Middle Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative of root jñā (to know) + śānac suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - declare, explain, tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prabrū

Imperative Active

root brū with prefix pra; Imperative 2nd singular

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bharatas (a title for distinguished warriors/leaders in the Bharata lineage)

compound of bharata (Bharata) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king of the Bharata dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)