महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-110, verse-17

स्वशरीरोपरोधेन वरमादातुमिच्छतः ।
सत्यसंप्रतिपत्त्यर्थं ये ब्रूयुः साक्षिणः क्वचित् ।
अनुक्त्वा तत्र तद्वाच्यं सर्वे तेऽनृतवादिनः ॥१७॥

17. svaśarīroparodhena varamādātumicchataḥ ,
satyasaṁpratipattyarthaṁ ye brūyuḥ sākṣiṇaḥ kvacit ,
anuktvā tatra tadvācyaṁ sarve te'nṛtavādinaḥ.

17. svaśarīroparodhena varam ādātum
icchataḥ satyasaṃpratipatyartham ye
brūyuḥ sākṣiṇaḥ kvacit anuktvā tatra
tat vācyam sarve te anṛtavādinaḥ

17. ye sākṣiṇaḥ kvacit svaśarīroparodhena varam ādātum icchataḥ,
satyasaṃpratipatyartham brūyuḥ,
tatra tat vācyam anuktvā,
te sarve anṛtavādinaḥ.

17. Those witnesses who, desiring to save their own lives (sva-śarīra), might speak in some situation for the sake of establishing the truth, but do not state what should be said in that matter, all of them are speakers of untruth.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वशरीरोपरोधेन (svaśarīroparodhena) - by means of saving their own lives or avoiding risk to their bodies (by the jeopardizing/protection of one's own body)

• वरम् (varam) - (as an adverb) better, rather (better, rather, choice, boon)

• आदातुम् (ādātum) - to obtain (safety), to save (to take, to receive, to obtain)

• इच्छतः (icchataḥ) - of one who desires, for one desiring (used as genitive singular, referring broadly to the context or the type of witness) (desiring, wishing (genitive/ablative singular))

• सत्यसंप्रतिपत्यर्थम् (satyasaṁpratipatyartham) - for the sake of establishing the truth

• ये (ye) - those who (who (plural))

• ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - they might speak (they might speak, they should speak)

• साक्षिणः (sākṣiṇaḥ) - witnesses

• क्वचित् (kvacit) - in some situation (somewhere, sometimes, in some case, in any situation)

• अनुक्त्वा (anuktvā) - but not stating, without saying (without having spoken, without saying)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that matter (there, in that matter)

• तत् (tat) - that (what should be said) (that, it)

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - what should be said (to be spoken, what should be said, statement)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (all, everyone)

• ते (te) - those (witnesses) (they, those)

• अनृतवादिनः (anṛtavādinaḥ) - speakers of untruth, liars (untruth-speakers, liars)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वशरीरोपरोधेन (svaśarīroparodhena) - by means of saving their own lives or avoiding risk to their bodies (by the jeopardizing/protection of one's own body)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svaśarīroparodha

svaśarīroparodha - hindrance/protection of one's own body, risk to one's life

Compound formed by 'svaśarīra' and 'uparodha'.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (svaśarīra+uparodha)

• svaśarīra – one's own body
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'śarīra' (body).
• uparodha – obstruction, hindrance, injury, protection
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  From root 'rudh' with prefix 'upa'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: rudh (class 7)

वरम् (varam) - (as an adverb) better, rather (better, rather, choice, boon)

(indeclinable)

From root 'vṛ' (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

आदातुम् (ādātum) - to obtain (safety), to save (to take, to receive, to obtain)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-tum'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

इच्छतः (icchataḥ) - of one who desires, for one desiring (used as genitive singular, referring broadly to the context or the type of witness) (desiring, wishing (genitive/ablative singular))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

From root 'iṣ' (to wish, to desire), present participle.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

सत्यसंप्रतिपत्यर्थम् (satyasaṁpratipatyartham) - for the sake of establishing the truth

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'satyasaṃpratipatti' and 'artha'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satyasaṃpratipatti+artha)

• satyasaṃpratipatti – ascertainment of truth, agreement to truth
  noun (feminine)
  verbal noun
  Compound of 'satya' (truth) and 'saṃpratipatti' (ascertainment, conviction). From root 'pad' with prefixes 'sam' and 'prati'.
  Prefixes: sam+prati
  Root: pad (class 4)
• artha – purpose, meaning, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

ये (ye) - those who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - they might speak (they might speak, they should speak)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

optative mood, 3rd person plural

Parasmaipada, Present tense, Optative mood (irregular root).

Root: brū (class 2)

साक्षिणः (sākṣiṇaḥ) - witnesses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sākṣin

sākṣin - witness, spectator

From 'sa' (with) + 'akṣan' (eye).

क्वचित् (kvacit) - in some situation (somewhere, sometimes, in some case, in any situation)

(indeclinable)

From 'ka' (who/what) + 'cid' (indefinite particle).

अनुक्त्वा (anuktvā) - but not stating, without saying (without having spoken, without saying)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Compound of 'an' (negation) + root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-ktvā'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uktvā)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• uktvā – having spoken
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (gerund)
  From root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-ktvā'.
  Root: vac (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - in that matter (there, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + suffix 'trā'.

तत् (tat) - that (what should be said) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the "vācyam".

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - what should be said (to be spoken, what should be said, statement)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, fit to be spoken, statement, declaration

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-ya'.

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

ते (te) - those (witnesses) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Corresponds to 'ye'.

अनृतवादिनः (anṛtavādinaḥ) - speakers of untruth, liars (untruth-speakers, liars)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anṛtavādin

anṛtavādin - one who speaks untruth, liar

agent noun

Compound of 'anṛta' (untruth) and 'vādin' (speaker, one who says). From root 'vad' (to speak).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anṛta+vādin)

• anṛta – untruth, false
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of 'a' and 'ṛta'.
• vādin – speaker, saying
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'vad' (to speak) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: vad (class 1)