महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-110, verse-4

भीष्म उवाच ।
सत्यस्य वचनं साधु न सत्याद्विद्यते परम् ।
यद्भूलोके सुदुर्ज्ञातं तत्ते वक्ष्यामि भारत ॥४॥

4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
satyasya vacanaṁ sādhu na satyādvidyate param ,
yadbhūloke sudurjñātaṁ tatte vakṣyāmi bhārata.

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca satyasya vacanam sādhu na satyāt vidyate
param yat bhūloke sudurjñātam tat te vakṣyāmi bhārata

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca: satyasya vacanam sādhu.
satyāt param na vidyate.
yat bhūloke sudurjñātam,
tat te bhārata vakṣyāmi.

4. Bhishma said: Speaking the truth is righteous; there is nothing higher than truth. That which is extremely difficult to comprehend in this earthly realm (bhūloka) – that I will now explain to you, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth, concerning truth

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speaking, speech, a statement

• साधु (sādhu) - good, righteous, virtuous, excellent

• न (na) - not, no

• सत्यात् (satyāt) - from truth, than truth

• विद्यते (vidyate) - it exists, is found

• परम् (param) - higher, superior, supreme, ultimate

• यत् (yat) - that which, what

• भूलोके (bhūloke) - in the earthly realm, in this world of mortals

• सुदुर्ज्ञातम् (sudurjñātam) - very difficult to know, extremely hard to comprehend

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your (dative/genitive singular)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will explain, I will say

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, a king; often used for Yudhishthira or Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma, terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth, concerning truth

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, genuineness; true, real

वचनम् (vacanam) - speaking, speech, a statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement, act of speaking

action noun

Derived from √vac with suffix -ana

Root: vac (class 2)

साधु (sādhu) - good, righteous, virtuous, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, righteous, virtuous, excellent, proper

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सत्यात् (satyāt) - from truth, than truth

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, genuineness; true, real

Note: Used here for comparison, 'than truth'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - it exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of √vid

Root: vid (class 2)

परम् (param) - higher, superior, supreme, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

यत् (yat) - that which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

भूलोके (bhūloke) - in the earthly realm, in this world of mortals

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhūloka

bhūloka - earthly realm, terrestrial world

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+loka)

• bhū – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

सुदुर्ज्ञातम् (sudurjñātam) - very difficult to know, extremely hard to comprehend

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudurjñāta

sudurjñāta - very difficult to know or understand

compound of su (very), dur (difficult), jñāta (known/understood)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dur+jñāta)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  indeclinable
  prefix
• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix
• jñāta – known, understood, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

ते (te) - to you, for you, your (dative/genitive singular)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form of dative or genitive singular.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will explain, I will say

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, a king; often used for Yudhishthira or Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to India/Bharata