महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-13, verse-16

स दृष्ट्वा भीमधन्वानं प्रगृहीतशरासनम् ।
भ्रातरौ पृष्ठतश्चास्य जनार्दनरथे स्थितौ ।
व्यथितात्माभवद्द्रौणिः प्राप्तं चेदममन्यत ॥१६॥

16. sa dṛṣṭvā bhīmadhanvānaṁ pragṛhītaśarāsanam ,
bhrātarau pṛṣṭhataścāsya janārdanarathe sthitau ,
vyathitātmābhavaddrauṇiḥ prāptaṁ cedamamanyata.

16. saḥ dṛṣṭvā bhīmadhanvānam pragṛhītaśarāsanam
bhrātarau pṛṣṭhataḥ ca asya
janārdanarathe sthitau vyathitātmā
abhavat drauṇiḥ prāptam ca idam amanyata

16. drauṇiḥ,
bhīmadhanvānam pragṛhītaśarāsanam (Arjunam) dṛṣṭvā,
ca asya pṛṣṭhataḥ janārdanarathe sthitau bhrātarau (Arjunam Bhimasenam ca) (dṛṣṭvā),
vyathitātmā abhavat,
ca idam prāptam amanyata.

16. Drauni, seeing Arjuna, who held a formidable bow and had grasped his weapon, and seeing the two brothers (Arjuna and Bhima) standing behind him on Janardana's (Krishna's) chariot, became distressed in spirit (ātman). He believed that his doom had arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Drauni (he)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भीमधन्वानम् (bhīmadhanvānam) - Arjuna, who wields a formidable bow (one with a formidable bow, terrible-bowed)

• प्रगृहीतशरासनम् (pragṛhītaśarāsanam) - Arjuna, whose bow is grasped (one whose bow is grasped/taken)

• भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - Arjuna and Bhima (two brothers)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - of Drauni (of him, his)

• जनार्दनरथे (janārdanarathe) - on Krishna's chariot (on Janardana's chariot)

• स्थितौ (sthitau) - standing, situated

• व्यथितात्मा (vyathitātmā) - distressed in spirit, troubled in mind

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauni (Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - his doom had arrived (arrived, obtained, due)

• च (ca) - and

• इदम् (idam) - this (doom/fate) (this)

• अमन्यत (amanyata) - he thought, he considered

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Drauni (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from root √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भीमधन्वानम् (bhīmadhanvānam) - Arjuna, who wields a formidable bow (one with a formidable bow, terrible-bowed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmadhanvan

bhīmadhanvan - one with a terrible bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+dhanvan)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies an implied Arjuna

प्रगृहीतशरासनम् (pragṛhītaśarāsanam) - Arjuna, whose bow is grasped (one whose bow is grasped/taken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pragṛhītaśarāsana

pragṛhītaśarāsana - one whose bow (śarāsana) is grasped (pragṛhīta)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pragṛhīta+śarāsana)

• pragṛhīta – grasped, seized, taken up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √grah with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: grah (class 9)
• śarāsana – bow (lit. 'arrow-seat')
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies an implied Arjuna

भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - Arjuna and Bhima (two brothers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of Drauni (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

जनार्दनरथे (janārdanarathe) - on Krishna's chariot (on Janardana's chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janārdanaratha

janārdanaratha - Janardana's chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janārdana+ratha)

• janārdana – Janardana (an epithet of Krishna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

स्थितौ (sthitau) - standing, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, located

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhrātarau'

व्यथितात्मा (vyathitātmā) - distressed in spirit, troubled in mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathitātman

vyathitātman - one whose soul (ātman) is distressed (vyathita)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyathita+ātman)

• vyathita – distressed, troubled, agitated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √vyath
  Root: vyath (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauni (Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - his doom had arrived (arrived, obtained, due)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, obtained, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as predicate nominative, 'had arrived'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (doom/fate) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'prāptam', 'this [doom] had arrived'

अमन्यत (amanyata) - he thought, he considered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of √man

Root: man (class 4)