महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-84, verse-3

अष्टक उवाच ।
अवादीश्चेद्वयसा यः स वृद्ध इति राजन्नाभ्यवदः कथंचित् ।
यो वै विद्वान्वयसा सन्स्म वृद्धः स एव पूज्यो भवति द्विजानाम् ॥३॥

3. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
avādīścedvayasā yaḥ sa vṛddha; iti rājannābhyavadaḥ kathaṁcit ,
yo vai vidvānvayasā sansma vṛddhaḥ; sa eva pūjyo bhavati dvijānām.

3. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca | avādīḥ ced vayasā yaḥ
saḥ vṛddhaḥ iti rājan na abhyavadaḥ
kathaṃcit | yaḥ vai vidvān vayasā san sma
vṛddhaḥ saḥ eva pūjyaḥ bhavati dvijānām

3. Ashtaka said: "O King, if you meant that one who is merely old by age is venerable, you did not speak correctly at all. Indeed, among the dvijas, he who is truly learned and also old in age is alone worthy of veneration."

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Ashtaka (a son of Yayati) (Ashtaka)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अवादीः (avādīḥ) - you said

• चेद् (ced) - if

• वयसा (vayasā) - by age

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

• सः (saḥ) - he

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (old, aged, grown, revered)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking quotation) (thus, so)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• न (na) - not

• अभ्यवदः (abhyavadaḥ) - you spoke correctly (you spoke (against), you replied)

• कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - correctly at all (in any way, somehow, correctly (with negation))

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly (indeed, surely)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - truly learned (learned, knowing, wise)

• वयसा (vayasā) - by age

• सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

• स्म (sma) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, certainly (enclitic particle, can denote past tense with present verb))

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (and therefore revered) (old, aged, grown, revered)

• सः (saḥ) - he

• एव (eva) - alone (alone, only, certainly)

• पूज्यः (pūjyaḥ) - worthy of veneration (worthy of worship, venerable)

• भवति (bhavati) - he is (he becomes, he is)

• द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - among the dvijas (twice-born) (of the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Ashtaka (a son of Yayati) (Ashtaka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - Name of a person, son of Yayati

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

अवादीः (avādīḥ) - you said

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of vad

Aorist active

2nd person singular, Aorist tense, Parasmaipada

Root: vad (class 1)

चेद् (ced) - if

(indeclinable)

वयसा (vayasā) - by age

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, youth, vigor

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (old, aged, grown, revered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented, revered, wise

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (marking quotation) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अभ्यवदः (abhyavadaḥ) - you spoke correctly (you spoke (against), you replied)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhivad

Imperfect active

2nd person singular, Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada (with prefix abhi)

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - correctly at all (in any way, somehow, correctly (with negation))

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

वै (vai) - indeed, truly (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - truly learned (learned, knowing, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, learned, wise, intelligent

Present Active Participle

from root vid (to know), strong stem nominative singular

Root: vid (class 2)

वयसा (vayasā) - by age

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, youth, vigor

सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

from root as (to be), nominative singular masculine

Root: as (class 2)

स्म (sma) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, certainly (enclitic particle, can denote past tense with present verb))

(indeclinable)

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (and therefore revered) (old, aged, grown, revered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented, revered, wise

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - alone (alone, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

पूज्यः (pūjyaḥ) - worthy of veneration (worthy of worship, venerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūjya

pūjya - worthy of worship, venerable, respectable, adorable

Gerundive

from root pūj (to worship, honor)

Root: pūj (class 1)

भवति (bhavati) - he is (he becomes, he is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present active

3rd person singular, Present tense, Parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - among the dvijas (twice-born) (of the twice-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  suffix for 'born'
  Root: jan (class 4)