महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-84, verse-11

अनित्यतां सुखदुःखस्य बुद्ध्वा कस्मात्संतापमष्टकाहं भजेयम् ।
किं कुर्यां वै किं च कृत्वा न तप्ये तस्मात्संतापं वर्जयाम्यप्रमत्तः ॥११॥

11. anityatāṁ sukhaduḥkhasya buddhvā; kasmātsaṁtāpamaṣṭakāhaṁ bhajeyam ,
kiṁ kuryāṁ vai kiṁ ca kṛtvā na tapye; tasmātsaṁtāpaṁ varjayāmyapramattaḥ.

11. anityatām sukhaduḥkhasya buddhvā
kasmāt santāpam aṣṭaka aham bhajeyam
kim kuryām vai kim ca kṛtvā na tapye
tasmāt santāpam varjayāmi apramattaḥ

11. Having realized the impermanence of pleasure and pain, O Aṣṭaka, why should I experience sorrow? What indeed should I do, and what action would prevent me from suffering? Therefore, I vigilantly avoid sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• अनित्यताम् (anityatām) - impermanence, transitoriness

• सुखदुःखस्य (sukhaduḥkhasya) - of pleasure and pain

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, having known, having perceived

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, whence

• सन्तापम् (santāpam) - sorrow, distress, affliction

• अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Addressing King Aṣṭaka (O Aṣṭaka)

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker, Yayāti (I)

• भजेयम् (bhajeyam) - may I experience, should I resort to, may I feel

• किम् (kim) - what

• कुर्याम् (kuryām) - may I do, should I do

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• किम् (kim) - what

• च (ca) - and

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• न (na) - not

• तप्ये (tapye) - may I suffer, may I be afflicted

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• सन्तापम् (santāpam) - sorrow, distress, affliction

• वर्जयामि (varjayāmi) - I avoid, I renounce, I abandon

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, careful, not careless

Words meanings and morphology

अनित्यताम् (anityatām) - impermanence, transitoriness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anityatā

anityatā - impermanence, transitoriness, uncertainty, non-eternity

Derived from 'anitya' (impermanent) + suffix 'tā' (abstract noun)

सुखदुःखस्य (sukhaduḥkhasya) - of pleasure and pain

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - pleasure and pain, happiness and misery, joy and sorrow

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, ease, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – pain, suffering, misery, sorrow
  noun (neuter)

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, having known, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, whence

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'

सन्तापम् (santāpam) - sorrow, distress, affliction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of santāpa

santāpa - heat, burning, pain, distress, sorrow, affliction

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - Addressing King Aṣṭaka (O Aṣṭaka)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - A proper name (of a king), consisting of eight parts

अहम् (aham) - The speaker, Yayāti (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

भजेयम् (bhajeyam) - may I experience, should I resort to, may I feel

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhaj

Root: bhaj (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle

कुर्याम् (kuryām) - may I do, should I do

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तप्ये (tapye) - may I suffer, may I be afflicted

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an adverb meaning 'therefore'

सन्तापम् (santāpam) - sorrow, distress, affliction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of santāpa

santāpa - heat, burning, pain, distress, sorrow, affliction

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

वर्जयामि (varjayāmi) - I avoid, I renounce, I abandon

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of varj

Causative of root 'vṛj'

Root: vṛj (class 10)

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, careful, not careless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - vigilant, careful, attentive, heedful, not careless, not negligent

Negative particle 'a' + past passive participle of 'mad' (to be negligent)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• pramatta – careless, negligent, intoxicated, insane
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-mad (to be negligent)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)