महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-84, verse-12

अष्टक उवाच ।
ये ये लोकाः पार्थिवेन्द्र प्रधानास्त्वया भुक्ता यं च कालं यथा च ।
तन्मे राजन्ब्रूहि सर्वं यथावत्क्षेत्रज्ञवद्भाषसे त्वं हि धर्मान् ॥१२॥

12. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
ye ye lokāḥ pārthivendra pradhānā;stvayā bhuktā yaṁ ca kālaṁ yathā ca ,
tanme rājanbrūhi sarvaṁ yathāva;tkṣetrajñavadbhāṣase tvaṁ hi dharmān.

12. aṣṭaka uvāca ye ye lokāḥ pārthivendra
pradhānāḥ tvayā bhuktā yam ca kālam
yathā ca tat me rājan brūhi sarvam yathāvat
kṣetrajñavat bhāṣase tvam hi dharmān

12. Aṣṭaka said: "O chief of kings, tell me precisely all about the prominent worlds you enjoyed, for what duration, and how. For you, O King, speak of dharma like one who truly comprehends the nature of existence (kṣetrajña)."

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - King Aṣṭaka, the speaker of this verse (Aṣṭaka)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ये (ye) - which, those which

• ये (ye) - which, those which (repetition emphasizes 'all kinds of')

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms

• पार्थिवेन्द्र (pārthivendra) - Addressing King Yayāti (O chief of kings, O best of kings)

• प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - prominent, chief, excellent

• त्वया (tvayā) - By King Yayāti (by you)

• भुक्ता (bhuktā) - enjoyed, experienced

• यम् (yam) - which (accusative)

• च (ca) - and

• कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

• च (ca) - and

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the details of worlds, time, and manner (that)

• मे (me) - To Aṣṭaka (to me, for me)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing King Yayāti (O King)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - exactly, truly, accurately, as it is

• क्षेत्रज्ञवत् (kṣetrajñavat) - Like one who comprehends the true nature of existence or the self (like a kṣetrajña (knower of the field))

• भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say

• त्वम् (tvam) - King Yayāti (you)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - dharmas, righteous duties, laws

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टक (aṣṭaka) - King Aṣṭaka, the speaker of this verse (Aṣṭaka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - A proper name (of a king), consisting of eight parts

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ये (ye) - which, those which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

ये (ye) - which, those which (repetition emphasizes 'all kinds of')

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, space, people, vision

पार्थिवेन्द्र (pārthivendra) - Addressing King Yayāti (O chief of kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthivendra

pārthivendra - chief of kings, best of kings, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+indra)

• pārthiva – king, earthly, relating to earth, terrestrial
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, best, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - prominent, chief, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, important, supreme, primeval matter

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'lokāḥ'

त्वया (tvayā) - By King Yayāti (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

भुक्ता (bhuktā) - enjoyed, experienced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhukta

bhukta - enjoyed, eaten, possessed, experienced

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'lokāḥ'

यम् (yam) - which (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Refers to 'kālam'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny, death

Note: Indicates duration of time

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - Referring to the details of worlds, time, and manner (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

मे (me) - To Aṣṭaka (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing King Yayāti (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire, universal

यथावत् (yathāvat) - exactly, truly, accurately, as it is

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'yathā' (as) + suffix 'vat'

क्षेत्रज्ञवत् (kṣetrajñavat) - Like one who comprehends the true nature of existence or the self (like a kṣetrajña (knower of the field))

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, ground, body, place, sphere of action
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Derivative from root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adverbial suffix '-vat' meaning 'like' or 'as'

भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - King Yayāti (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

धर्मान् (dharmān) - dharmas, righteous duties, laws

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - dharma, righteousness, duty, law, virtue, custom, nature, characteristic

Root: dhṛ (class 1)