महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-42, verse-12

उग्रे तपसि वर्तन्तं पितरश्चोदयन्ति माम् ।
निविशस्वेति दुःखार्तास्तेषां प्रियचिकीर्षया ॥१२॥

12. ugre tapasi vartantaṁ pitaraścodayanti mām ,
niviśasveti duḥkhārtāsteṣāṁ priyacikīrṣayā.

12. ugre tapasi vartantam pitaraḥ codayanti mām
niviśasva iti duḥkhārtāḥ teṣām priyacikīrṣayā

12. My ancestors, distressed, urge me, who am engaged in severe asceticism, saying, 'Get married (settle down)!,' out of a desire to please them.

Words meanings summery:

• उग्रे (ugre) - in severe (in severe, fierce, terrible)

• तपसि (tapasi) - in asceticism (in austerity, penance)

• वर्तन्तम् (vartantam) - engaged in (existing, being, staying, engaged in)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

• चोदयन्ति (codayanti) - they urge (they urge, they impel, they incite)

• माम् (mām) - me

• निविशस्व (niviśasva) - settle down (get married) (settle down, enter, marry)

• इति (iti) - saying, thus (thus, so, indicating a quote)

• दुःखार्ताः (duḥkhārtāḥ) - distressed (afflicted by sorrow, distressed)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the ancestors) (of them)

• प्रियचिकीर्षया (priyacikīrṣayā) - with the desire to please them (with the desire to do what is pleasing)

Words meanings and morphology

उग्रे (ugre) - in severe (in severe, fierce, terrible)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, terrible

Note: Agrees with 'tapasi'.

तपसि (tapasi) - in asceticism (in austerity, penance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, penance, austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

वर्तन्तम् (vartantam) - engaged in (existing, being, staying, engaged in)

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vartant

vṛt - to be, exist, to turn, to happen

present participle

derived from vṛt + śatṛ

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'mām'.

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

चोदयन्ति (codayanti) - they urge (they urge, they impel, they incite)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of cud

causative

from 'cud' in causative form

Root: cud (class 10)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

asmad - I

निविशस्व (niviśasva) - settle down (get married) (settle down, enter, marry)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of viś

imperative, middle voice

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Implied meaning 'get married'.

इति (iti) - saying, thus (thus, so, indicating a quote)

(indeclinable)

दुःखार्ताः (duḥkhārtāḥ) - distressed (afflicted by sorrow, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root `ṛ` (to go, to move) + `kta`, with `ā` prefix
  Root: ṛ

Note: Refers to 'pitaraḥ'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the ancestors) (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'pitaraḥ'.

प्रियचिकीर्षया (priyacikīrṣayā) - with the desire to please them (with the desire to do what is pleasing)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of priyacikīrṣā

priyacikīrṣā - desire to do good, desire to please

desiderative noun

from 'priya' + desiderative of 'kṛ' + 'ṣā' suffix

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+cikīrṣā)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (neuter)
• cikīrṣā – desire to do, intention to act
  noun (feminine)
  desiderative noun
  derived from desiderative of 'kṛ'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)